Move the DeferredUpdates hierarchy to its own directory

The grouping makes at least as much sense as job/, and certainly makes
more sense than cache/. With directories named after base classes, it is
fairly easy to tell what should go where. The grouping of
DeferredUpdates, DataUpdate and CallableUpdate would surely be
uncontroversial.

The move of SearchUpdate out of search/ demonstrates the conflict between
arrangement by module versus arrangement by type, which is the most
difficult design question here. I think arrangement by type is more
consistent with e.g. the arrangement of the core root, i.e. tests/,
resources/, maintenance/, etc. where a given feature will have its files
split up into a mostly type-based hierarchy.

I also tidied up AutoLoader.php by moving includes/content to the correct
location, sorted alphabetically by subdirectory.

Verified with AutoLoaderTest.

Change-Id: Ib369411d0caca38e72978084aa57348f1b892ed0
This commit is contained in:
Tim Starling 2013-11-01 15:59:17 +11:00
parent 958a08f1b2
commit 64d0dc06a0
12 changed files with 274 additions and 252 deletions

View file

@ -65,9 +65,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'Cookie' => 'includes/Cookie.php',
'CookieJar' => 'includes/Cookie.php',
'CurlHttpRequest' => 'includes/HttpFunctions.php',
'DeferrableUpdate' => 'includes/DeferredUpdates.php',
'DeferredUpdates' => 'includes/DeferredUpdates.php',
'MWCallableUpdate' => 'includes/CallableUpdate.php',
'DeprecatedGlobal' => 'includes/DeprecatedGlobal.php',
'DerivativeRequest' => 'includes/WebRequest.php',
'DiffHistoryBlob' => 'includes/HistoryBlob.php',
@ -155,8 +152,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'Licenses' => 'includes/Licenses.php',
'Linker' => 'includes/Linker.php',
'LinkFilter' => 'includes/LinkFilter.php',
'LinksUpdate' => 'includes/LinksUpdate.php',
'LinksDeletionUpdate' => 'includes/LinksUpdate.php',
'LocalisationCache' => 'includes/cache/LocalisationCache.php',
'LocalisationCache_BulkLoad' => 'includes/cache/LocalisationCache.php',
'MagicWord' => 'includes/MagicWord.php',
@ -212,14 +207,11 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'RevisionList' => 'includes/RevisionList.php',
'RSSFeed' => 'includes/Feed.php',
'Sanitizer' => 'includes/Sanitizer.php',
'DataUpdate' => 'includes/DataUpdate.php',
'SqlDataUpdate' => 'includes/SqlDataUpdate.php',
'ScopedCallback' => 'includes/ScopedCallback.php',
'ScopedPHPTimeout' => 'includes/ScopedPHPTimeout.php',
'SiteConfiguration' => 'includes/SiteConfiguration.php',
'SiteStats' => 'includes/SiteStats.php',
'SiteStatsInit' => 'includes/SiteStats.php',
'SiteStatsUpdate' => 'includes/SiteStats.php',
'Skin' => 'includes/Skin.php',
'SkinTemplate' => 'includes/SkinTemplate.php',
'SpecialCreateAccount' => 'includes/SpecialPage.php',
@ -261,7 +253,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'UserCache' => 'includes/cache/UserCache.php',
'UserMailer' => 'includes/UserMailer.php',
'UserRightsProxy' => 'includes/UserRightsProxy.php',
'ViewCountUpdate' => 'includes/ViewCountUpdate.php',
'WantedQueryPage' => 'includes/QueryPage.php',
'WatchedItem' => 'includes/WatchedItem.php',
'WebRequest' => 'includes/WebRequest.php',
@ -288,21 +279,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'ZipDirectoryReader' => 'includes/ZipDirectoryReader.php',
'ZipDirectoryReaderError' => 'includes/ZipDirectoryReader.php',
# content handler
'AbstractContent' => 'includes/content/AbstractContent.php',
'ContentHandler' => 'includes/content/ContentHandler.php',
'Content' => 'includes/content/Content.php',
'CssContentHandler' => 'includes/content/CssContentHandler.php',
'CssContent' => 'includes/content/CssContent.php',
'JavaScriptContentHandler' => 'includes/content/JavaScriptContentHandler.php',
'JavaScriptContent' => 'includes/content/JavaScriptContent.php',
'MessageContent' => 'includes/content/MessageContent.php',
'MWContentSerializationException' => 'includes/content/ContentHandler.php',
'TextContentHandler' => 'includes/content/TextContentHandler.php',
'TextContent' => 'includes/content/TextContent.php',
'WikitextContentHandler' => 'includes/content/WikitextContentHandler.php',
'WikitextContent' => 'includes/content/WikitextContent.php',
# includes/actions
'CachedAction' => 'includes/actions/CachedAction.php',
'CreditsAction' => 'includes/actions/CreditsAction.php',
@ -440,7 +416,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'FileDependency' => 'includes/cache/CacheDependency.php',
'GenderCache' => 'includes/cache/GenderCache.php',
'GlobalDependency' => 'includes/cache/CacheDependency.php',
'HTMLCacheUpdate' => 'includes/cache/HTMLCacheUpdate.php',
'HTMLFileCache' => 'includes/cache/HTMLFileCache.php',
'LinkBatch' => 'includes/cache/LinkBatch.php',
'LinkCache' => 'includes/cache/LinkCache.php',
@ -448,7 +423,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'ObjectFileCache' => 'includes/cache/ObjectFileCache.php',
'ProcessCacheLRU' => 'includes/cache/ProcessCacheLRU.php',
'ResourceFileCache' => 'includes/cache/ResourceFileCache.php',
'SquidUpdate' => 'includes/cache/SquidUpdate.php',
'TitleDependency' => 'includes/cache/CacheDependency.php',
'TitleListDependency' => 'includes/cache/CacheDependency.php',
@ -463,6 +437,21 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'RedisConnectionPool' => 'includes/clientpool/RedisConnectionPool.php',
'RedisConnRef' => 'includes/clientpool/RedisConnectionPool.php',
# includes/content
'AbstractContent' => 'includes/content/AbstractContent.php',
'ContentHandler' => 'includes/content/ContentHandler.php',
'Content' => 'includes/content/Content.php',
'CssContentHandler' => 'includes/content/CssContentHandler.php',
'CssContent' => 'includes/content/CssContent.php',
'JavaScriptContentHandler' => 'includes/content/JavaScriptContentHandler.php',
'JavaScriptContent' => 'includes/content/JavaScriptContent.php',
'MessageContent' => 'includes/content/MessageContent.php',
'MWContentSerializationException' => 'includes/content/ContentHandler.php',
'TextContentHandler' => 'includes/content/TextContentHandler.php',
'TextContent' => 'includes/content/TextContent.php',
'WikitextContentHandler' => 'includes/content/WikitextContentHandler.php',
'WikitextContent' => 'includes/content/WikitextContent.php',
# includes/context
'ContextSource' => 'includes/context/ContextSource.php',
'DerivativeContext' => 'includes/context/DerivativeContext.php',
@ -530,6 +519,20 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
# includes/debug
'MWDebug' => 'includes/debug/Debug.php',
# includes/deferred
'DataUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/DataUpdate.php',
'DeferrableUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/DeferredUpdates.php',
'DeferredUpdates' => 'includes/deferred/DeferredUpdates.php',
'HTMLCacheUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/HTMLCacheUpdate.php',
'LinksDeletionUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/LinksUpdate.php',
'LinksUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/LinksUpdate.php',
'MWCallableUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/CallableUpdate.php',
'SearchUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/SearchUpdate.php',
'SiteStatsUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/SiteStatsUpdate.php',
'SqlDataUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/SqlDataUpdate.php',
'SquidUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/SquidUpdate.php',
'ViewCountUpdate' => 'includes/deferred/ViewCountUpdate.php',
# includes/diff
'_DiffEngine' => 'includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php',
'_DiffOp' => 'includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php',
@ -909,7 +912,6 @@ $wgAutoloadLocalClasses = array(
'SearchResultSet' => 'includes/search/SearchEngine.php',
'SearchResultTooMany' => 'includes/search/SearchEngine.php',
'SearchSqlite' => 'includes/search/SearchSqlite.php',
'SearchUpdate' => 'includes/search/SearchUpdate.php',
'SqliteSearchResultSet' => 'includes/search/SearchSqlite.php',
'SqlSearchResultSet' => 'includes/search/SearchEngine.php',

View file

@ -251,231 +251,6 @@ class SiteStats {
}
}
/**
* Class for handling updates to the site_stats table
*/
class SiteStatsUpdate implements DeferrableUpdate {
protected $views = 0;
protected $edits = 0;
protected $pages = 0;
protected $articles = 0;
protected $users = 0;
protected $images = 0;
// @todo deprecate this constructor
function __construct( $views, $edits, $good, $pages = 0, $users = 0 ) {
$this->views = $views;
$this->edits = $edits;
$this->articles = $good;
$this->pages = $pages;
$this->users = $users;
}
/**
* @param $deltas Array
* @return SiteStatsUpdate
*/
public static function factory( array $deltas ) {
$update = new self( 0, 0, 0 );
$fields = array( 'views', 'edits', 'pages', 'articles', 'users', 'images' );
foreach ( $fields as $field ) {
if ( isset( $deltas[$field] ) && $deltas[$field] ) {
$update->$field = $deltas[$field];
}
}
return $update;
}
public function doUpdate() {
global $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor;
$rate = $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor; // convenience
// If set to do so, only do actual DB updates 1 every $rate times.
// The other times, just update "pending delta" values in memcached.
if ( $rate && ( $rate < 0 || mt_rand( 0, $rate - 1 ) != 0 ) ) {
$this->doUpdatePendingDeltas();
} else {
// Need a separate transaction because this a global lock
wfGetDB( DB_MASTER )->onTransactionIdle( array( $this, 'tryDBUpdateInternal' ) );
}
}
/**
* Do not call this outside of SiteStatsUpdate
*
* @return void
*/
public function tryDBUpdateInternal() {
global $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor;
$dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
$lockKey = wfMemcKey( 'site_stats' ); // prepend wiki ID
if ( $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor ) {
// Lock the table so we don't have double DB/memcached updates
if ( !$dbw->lockIsFree( $lockKey, __METHOD__ )
|| !$dbw->lock( $lockKey, __METHOD__, 1 ) // 1 sec timeout
) {
$this->doUpdatePendingDeltas();
return;
}
$pd = $this->getPendingDeltas();
// Piggy-back the async deltas onto those of this stats update....
$this->views += ( $pd['ss_total_views']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_views']['-'] );
$this->edits += ( $pd['ss_total_edits']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_edits']['-'] );
$this->articles += ( $pd['ss_good_articles']['+'] - $pd['ss_good_articles']['-'] );
$this->pages += ( $pd['ss_total_pages']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_pages']['-'] );
$this->users += ( $pd['ss_users']['+'] - $pd['ss_users']['-'] );
$this->images += ( $pd['ss_images']['+'] - $pd['ss_images']['-'] );
}
// Build up an SQL query of deltas and apply them...
$updates = '';
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_views', $this->views );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_edits', $this->edits );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_good_articles', $this->articles );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_pages', $this->pages );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_users', $this->users );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_images', $this->images );
if ( $updates != '' ) {
$dbw->update( 'site_stats', array( $updates ), array(), __METHOD__ );
}
if ( $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor ) {
// Decrement the async deltas now that we applied them
$this->removePendingDeltas( $pd );
// Commit the updates and unlock the table
$dbw->unlock( $lockKey, __METHOD__ );
}
}
/**
* @param $dbw DatabaseBase
* @return bool|mixed
*/
public static function cacheUpdate( $dbw ) {
global $wgActiveUserDays;
$dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE, array( 'SpecialStatistics', 'vslow' ) );
# Get non-bot users than did some recent action other than making accounts.
# If account creation is included, the number gets inflated ~20+ fold on enwiki.
$activeUsers = $dbr->selectField(
'recentchanges',
'COUNT( DISTINCT rc_user_text )',
array(
'rc_user != 0',
'rc_bot' => 0,
'rc_log_type != ' . $dbr->addQuotes( 'newusers' ) . ' OR rc_log_type IS NULL',
'rc_timestamp >= ' . $dbr->addQuotes( $dbr->timestamp( wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX ) - $wgActiveUserDays * 24 * 3600 ) ),
),
__METHOD__
);
$dbw->update(
'site_stats',
array( 'ss_active_users' => intval( $activeUsers ) ),
array( 'ss_row_id' => 1 ),
__METHOD__
);
return $activeUsers;
}
protected function doUpdatePendingDeltas() {
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_views', $this->views );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_edits', $this->edits );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_good_articles', $this->articles );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_pages', $this->pages );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_users', $this->users );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_images', $this->images );
}
/**
* @param $sql string
* @param $field string
* @param $delta integer
*/
protected function appendUpdate( &$sql, $field, $delta ) {
if ( $delta ) {
if ( $sql ) {
$sql .= ',';
}
if ( $delta < 0 ) {
$sql .= "$field=$field-" . abs( $delta );
} else {
$sql .= "$field=$field+" . abs( $delta );
}
}
}
/**
* @param $type string
* @param string $sign ('+' or '-')
* @return string
*/
private function getTypeCacheKey( $type, $sign ) {
return wfMemcKey( 'sitestatsupdate', 'pendingdelta', $type, $sign );
}
/**
* Adjust the pending deltas for a stat type.
* Each stat type has two pending counters, one for increments and decrements
* @param $type string
* @param $delta integer Delta (positive or negative)
* @return void
*/
protected function adjustPending( $type, $delta ) {
global $wgMemc;
if ( $delta < 0 ) { // decrement
$key = $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '-' );
} else { // increment
$key = $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '+' );
}
$magnitude = abs( $delta );
if ( !$wgMemc->incr( $key, $magnitude ) ) { // not there?
if ( !$wgMemc->add( $key, $magnitude ) ) { // race?
$wgMemc->incr( $key, $magnitude );
}
}
}
/**
* Get pending delta counters for each stat type
* @return Array Positive and negative deltas for each type
* @return void
*/
protected function getPendingDeltas() {
global $wgMemc;
$pending = array();
foreach ( array( 'ss_total_views', 'ss_total_edits',
'ss_good_articles', 'ss_total_pages', 'ss_users', 'ss_images' ) as $type )
{
// Get pending increments and pending decrements
$pending[$type]['+'] = (int)$wgMemc->get( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '+' ) );
$pending[$type]['-'] = (int)$wgMemc->get( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '-' ) );
}
return $pending;
}
/**
* Reduce pending delta counters after updates have been applied
* @param array $pd Result of getPendingDeltas(), used for DB update
* @return void
*/
protected function removePendingDeltas( array $pd ) {
global $wgMemc;
foreach ( $pd as $type => $deltas ) {
foreach ( $deltas as $sign => $magnitude ) {
// Lower the pending counter now that we applied these changes
$wgMemc->decr( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, $sign ), $magnitude );
}
}
}
}
/**
* Class designed for counting of stats.
*/

View file

@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
<?php
/**
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
* http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* @file
*/
/**
* Class for handling updates to the site_stats table
*/
class SiteStatsUpdate implements DeferrableUpdate {
protected $views = 0;
protected $edits = 0;
protected $pages = 0;
protected $articles = 0;
protected $users = 0;
protected $images = 0;
// @todo deprecate this constructor
function __construct( $views, $edits, $good, $pages = 0, $users = 0 ) {
$this->views = $views;
$this->edits = $edits;
$this->articles = $good;
$this->pages = $pages;
$this->users = $users;
}
/**
* @param $deltas Array
* @return SiteStatsUpdate
*/
public static function factory( array $deltas ) {
$update = new self( 0, 0, 0 );
$fields = array( 'views', 'edits', 'pages', 'articles', 'users', 'images' );
foreach ( $fields as $field ) {
if ( isset( $deltas[$field] ) && $deltas[$field] ) {
$update->$field = $deltas[$field];
}
}
return $update;
}
public function doUpdate() {
global $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor;
$rate = $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor; // convenience
// If set to do so, only do actual DB updates 1 every $rate times.
// The other times, just update "pending delta" values in memcached.
if ( $rate && ( $rate < 0 || mt_rand( 0, $rate - 1 ) != 0 ) ) {
$this->doUpdatePendingDeltas();
} else {
// Need a separate transaction because this a global lock
wfGetDB( DB_MASTER )->onTransactionIdle( array( $this, 'tryDBUpdateInternal' ) );
}
}
/**
* Do not call this outside of SiteStatsUpdate
*
* @return void
*/
public function tryDBUpdateInternal() {
global $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor;
$dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
$lockKey = wfMemcKey( 'site_stats' ); // prepend wiki ID
if ( $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor ) {
// Lock the table so we don't have double DB/memcached updates
if ( !$dbw->lockIsFree( $lockKey, __METHOD__ )
|| !$dbw->lock( $lockKey, __METHOD__, 1 ) // 1 sec timeout
) {
$this->doUpdatePendingDeltas();
return;
}
$pd = $this->getPendingDeltas();
// Piggy-back the async deltas onto those of this stats update....
$this->views += ( $pd['ss_total_views']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_views']['-'] );
$this->edits += ( $pd['ss_total_edits']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_edits']['-'] );
$this->articles += ( $pd['ss_good_articles']['+'] - $pd['ss_good_articles']['-'] );
$this->pages += ( $pd['ss_total_pages']['+'] - $pd['ss_total_pages']['-'] );
$this->users += ( $pd['ss_users']['+'] - $pd['ss_users']['-'] );
$this->images += ( $pd['ss_images']['+'] - $pd['ss_images']['-'] );
}
// Build up an SQL query of deltas and apply them...
$updates = '';
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_views', $this->views );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_edits', $this->edits );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_good_articles', $this->articles );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_total_pages', $this->pages );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_users', $this->users );
$this->appendUpdate( $updates, 'ss_images', $this->images );
if ( $updates != '' ) {
$dbw->update( 'site_stats', array( $updates ), array(), __METHOD__ );
}
if ( $wgSiteStatsAsyncFactor ) {
// Decrement the async deltas now that we applied them
$this->removePendingDeltas( $pd );
// Commit the updates and unlock the table
$dbw->unlock( $lockKey, __METHOD__ );
}
}
/**
* @param $dbw DatabaseBase
* @return bool|mixed
*/
public static function cacheUpdate( $dbw ) {
global $wgActiveUserDays;
$dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE, array( 'SpecialStatistics', 'vslow' ) );
# Get non-bot users than did some recent action other than making accounts.
# If account creation is included, the number gets inflated ~20+ fold on enwiki.
$activeUsers = $dbr->selectField(
'recentchanges',
'COUNT( DISTINCT rc_user_text )',
array(
'rc_user != 0',
'rc_bot' => 0,
'rc_log_type != ' . $dbr->addQuotes( 'newusers' ) . ' OR rc_log_type IS NULL',
'rc_timestamp >= ' . $dbr->addQuotes( $dbr->timestamp( wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX ) - $wgActiveUserDays * 24 * 3600 ) ),
),
__METHOD__
);
$dbw->update(
'site_stats',
array( 'ss_active_users' => intval( $activeUsers ) ),
array( 'ss_row_id' => 1 ),
__METHOD__
);
return $activeUsers;
}
protected function doUpdatePendingDeltas() {
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_views', $this->views );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_edits', $this->edits );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_good_articles', $this->articles );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_total_pages', $this->pages );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_users', $this->users );
$this->adjustPending( 'ss_images', $this->images );
}
/**
* @param $sql string
* @param $field string
* @param $delta integer
*/
protected function appendUpdate( &$sql, $field, $delta ) {
if ( $delta ) {
if ( $sql ) {
$sql .= ',';
}
if ( $delta < 0 ) {
$sql .= "$field=$field-" . abs( $delta );
} else {
$sql .= "$field=$field+" . abs( $delta );
}
}
}
/**
* @param $type string
* @param string $sign ('+' or '-')
* @return string
*/
private function getTypeCacheKey( $type, $sign ) {
return wfMemcKey( 'sitestatsupdate', 'pendingdelta', $type, $sign );
}
/**
* Adjust the pending deltas for a stat type.
* Each stat type has two pending counters, one for increments and decrements
* @param $type string
* @param $delta integer Delta (positive or negative)
* @return void
*/
protected function adjustPending( $type, $delta ) {
global $wgMemc;
if ( $delta < 0 ) { // decrement
$key = $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '-' );
} else { // increment
$key = $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '+' );
}
$magnitude = abs( $delta );
if ( !$wgMemc->incr( $key, $magnitude ) ) { // not there?
if ( !$wgMemc->add( $key, $magnitude ) ) { // race?
$wgMemc->incr( $key, $magnitude );
}
}
}
/**
* Get pending delta counters for each stat type
* @return Array Positive and negative deltas for each type
* @return void
*/
protected function getPendingDeltas() {
global $wgMemc;
$pending = array();
foreach ( array( 'ss_total_views', 'ss_total_edits',
'ss_good_articles', 'ss_total_pages', 'ss_users', 'ss_images' ) as $type )
{
// Get pending increments and pending decrements
$pending[$type]['+'] = (int)$wgMemc->get( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '+' ) );
$pending[$type]['-'] = (int)$wgMemc->get( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, '-' ) );
}
return $pending;
}
/**
* Reduce pending delta counters after updates have been applied
* @param array $pd Result of getPendingDeltas(), used for DB update
* @return void
*/
protected function removePendingDeltas( array $pd ) {
global $wgMemc;
foreach ( $pd as $type => $deltas ) {
foreach ( $deltas as $sign => $magnitude ) {
// Lower the pending counter now that we applied these changes
$wgMemc->decr( $this->getTypeCacheKey( $type, $sign ), $magnitude );
}
}
}
}