BOSL2/attachments.scad

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LibFile: attachments.scad
//   This is the file that handles attachments and orientation of children.
//   To use, add the following lines to the beginning of your file:
//   ```
//   include <BOSL2/std.scad>
//   ```
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// Section: Functions


// Function: anchorpt()
// Usage:
//   anchor(name, pos, [dir], [rot])
// Description:
//   Creates a anchor data structure.
// Arguments:
//   name = The string name of the anchor.  Lowercase.  Words separated by single dashes.  No spaces.
//   pos = The [X,Y,Z] position of the anchor.
//   dir = A vector pointing in the direction parts should project from the anchor position.
//   rot = If needed, the angle to rotate the part around the direction vector.
function anchorpt(name, pos=[0,0,0], dir=UP, rot=0) = [name, pos, dir, rot];



// Function: find_anchor()
// Usage:
//   find_anchor(anchor, h, size, [size2], [shift], [edges], [corners]);
// Description:
//   Returns anchor data for the given vector or anchor name.
// Arguments:
//   anchor = Vector or named anchor string.
//   h = Height of the region.
//   size = The [X,Y] size of the bottom of the cubical region.
//   size2 = The [X,Y] size of the top of the cubical region.
//   shift = The [X,Y] amount to shift the center of the top with respect to the center of the bottom.
//   geometry = One of "cube", "cylinder", or "sphere" to denote the overall geometry of the shape.  Cones are "cylinder", and prismoids are "cube" for this purpose.  Default: "cube"
//   extra_anchors = A list of extra non-standard named anchors.
//   two_d = If true, object will be treated as 2D.
function find_anchor(anchor, h, size, size2=undef, shift=[0,0], extra_anchors=[], geometry="cube", two_d=false) =
	is_string(anchor)? (
		let(found = search([anchor], extra_anchors, num_returns_per_match=1)[0])
		assert(found!=[], str("Unknown anchor: ",anchor))
		extra_anchors[found]
	) : (
		let(
			size = point2d(size),
			size2 = (size2!=undef)? point2d(size2) : size,
			shift = point2d(shift),
			oang = (
				two_d? 0 :
				anchor == UP? 0 :
				anchor == DOWN? 0 :
				(norm([anchor.x,anchor.y]) < EPSILON)? 0 :
				atan2(anchor.y, anchor.x)+90
			)
		)
		geometry=="sphere"? let(
			phi = (anchor==UP||anchor==CENTER)? 0 : anchor==DOWN? 180 : 90 + (45 * anchor.z),
			theta = anchor==CENTER? 90 : atan2(anchor.y, anchor.x),
			vec = spherical_to_xyz(1, theta, phi),
			pos = anchor==CENTER? CENTER : vmul(vec, (point3d(size)+h*UP)/2)
		) [anchor, pos, vec, oang] : let (
			xyal = (
				geometry=="cylinder"? (
					let(xy = point2d(anchor))
					norm(xy)>0? xy/norm(xy) : [0,0]
				) : point2d(anchor)
			),
			botpt = point3d(vmul(size/2,xyal))+DOWN*h/2,
			toppt = point3d(vmul(size2/2,xyal)+shift)+UP*h/2,
			pos = lerp(botpt, toppt, (anchor.z+1)/2),
			sidevec = two_d? point3d(xyal) : rotate_points3d([point3d(xyal)], from=UP, to=toppt-botpt)[0],
			vec = (
				two_d? sidevec :
				anchor==CENTER? UP :
				norm([anchor.x,anchor.y]) < EPSILON? anchor :
				norm(size)+norm(size2) < EPSILON? anchor :
				abs(anchor.z) < EPSILON? sidevec :
				anchor.z>0? (UP+sidevec)/2 :
				(DOWN+sidevec)/2
			)
		) [anchor, pos, vec, oang]
	);



function _str_char_split(s,delim,n=0,acc=[],word="") =
	(n>=len(s))? concat(acc, [word]) :
	(s[n]==delim)?
		_str_char_split(s,delim,n+1,concat(acc,[word]),"") :
		_str_char_split(s,delim,n+1,acc,str(word,s[n]));



// Section: Modules


// Module: orient_and_anchor()
//
// Description:
//   Takes a vertically oriented shape, and re-orients and anchors it.
//   This is useful for making a custom shape available in various
//   orientations and anchor without extra translate()s and rotate()s.
//   Children should be vertically (Z-axis) oriented, and centered.
//   Non-vector anchor points should be named via the `anchors` arg.
//   Named anchors are translated pre-rotation.
//
// Usage:
//   orient_and_anchor(size, [orient], [anchor], [center], [noncentered], [orig_orient], [orig_anchor], [anchors], [chain]) ...
//
// Arguments:
//   size = The [X,Y,Z] size of the part.
//   size2 = The [X,Y] size of the top of the part.
//   shift = The [X,Y] offset of the top of the part, compared to the bottom of the part.
//   orient = The axis to orient to.  Use `ORIENT_` constants from `constants.scad`.
//   anchor = The side of the part that will be anchored  to the origin.
//   center = If given, overrides `anchor`.  If true, centers vertically.  If false, `anchor` will be set to the value in `noncentered`.
//   noncentered = The value to set `anchor` to if `center` == `false`.  Default: `BOTTOM`.
//   orig_orient = The original orientation of the part.  Default: `ORIENT_Z`.
//   orig_anchor = The original anchor of the part.  Default: `CENTER`.
//   geometry = One of "cube", "cylinder", or "sphere" to denote the overall geometry of the shape.  Cones are "cylinder", and prismoids are "cube" for this purpose.  Default: "cube"
//   anchors = A list of extra, non-standard optional anchors.
//   two_d = If true, object will be treated as 2D.
//   chain = If true, allow attachable children.
//
// Side Effects:
//   `$parent_size` is set to the parent object's cubical region size.
//   `$parent_size2` is set to the parent object's top [X,Y] size.
//   `$parent_shift` is set to the parent object's `shift` value, if any.
//   `$parent_geom` is set to the parent object's `geometry` value.
//   `$parent_orient` is set to the parent object's `orient` value.
//   `$parent_anchor` is set to the parent object's `anchor` value.
//   `$parent_anchors` is set to the parent object's list of non-standard extra anchors.
//   `$parent_2d` is set to the parent object's `two_d` value.
//
// Example:
//   #cylinder(d=5, h=10);
//   orient_and_anchor([5,5,10], orient=ORIENT_Y, anchor=BACK, orig_anchor=UP) cylinder(d=5, h=10);
module orient_and_anchor(
	size=undef, orient=ORIENT_Z, anchor=CENTER,
	center=undef, noncentered=BOTTOM,
	orig_orient=ORIENT_Z, orig_anchor=CENTER,
	size2=undef, shift=[0,0],
	anchors=[], chain=false,
	geometry="cube", two_d=false
) {
	size2 = point2d(default(size2, size));
	shift = point2d(shift);
	anchor = !is_undef(center)? (center? CENTER : noncentered) : anchor;
	m = matrix4_mult(concat(
		(orig_anchor==CENTER)? [] : [
			// If original anchor is not centered, center it.
			let(anch = find_anchor(orig_anchor, size.z, size, size2=size2, shift=shift, geometry=geometry, two_d=two_d))
			matrix4_translate(anch[1])
		],
		(orig_orient==ORIENT_Z)? [] : [
			// If original orientation is not upright, rotate it upright.
			matrix4_zrot(-orig_orient.z),
			matrix4_yrot(-orig_orient.y),
			matrix4_xrot(-orig_orient.x)
		],
		($attach_to!=undef)? (
			let(
				anch = find_anchor($attach_to, size.z, size, size2=size2, shift=shift, geometry=geometry, two_d=two_d),
				ang = vector_angle(anch[2], DOWN),
				axis = vector_axis(anch[2], DOWN),
				ang2 = (anch[2]==UP || anch[2]==DOWN)? 0 : 180-anch[3],
				axis2 = rotate_points3d([axis],[0,0,ang2])[0]
			) concat(
				[matrix4_translate(-anch[1])],
				$attach_norot? [] : [
					matrix4_zrot(ang2),
					matrix4_rot_by_axis(axis2, ang)
				]
			)
		) : concat(
			(anchor==CENTER)? [] : [
				let(anch = find_anchor(anchor, size.z, size, size2=size2, shift=shift, extra_anchors=anchors, geometry=geometry, two_d=two_d))
				matrix4_translate(-anch[1])
			],
			(orient==ORIENT_Z)? [] : [
				matrix4_xrot(orient.x),
				matrix4_yrot(orient.y),
				matrix4_zrot(orient.z)
			]
		)
	));
	$attach_to = undef;
	$parent_size   = size;
	$parent_size2  = size2;
	$parent_shift  = shift;
	$parent_geom   = geometry;
	$parent_orient = orient;
	$parent_2d     = two_d;
	$parent_anchor = anchor;
	$parent_anchors = anchors;
	tags = _str_char_split($tags, " ");
	s_tags = $tags_shown;
	h_tags = $tags_hidden;
	shown  = !s_tags || any([for (tag=tags) in_list(tag, s_tags)]);
	hidden = any([for (tag=tags) in_list(tag, h_tags)]);
	multmatrix(m) {
		if ($children>1 && chain) {
			if(shown && !hidden) color($color) for (i=[0:$children-2]) children(i);
			children($children-1);
		} else {
			if(shown && !hidden) color($color) children();
		}
	}
}



// Module: attach()
// Usage:
//   attach(name, [overlap], [norot]) ...
//   attach(name, to, [overlap]) ...
// Description:
//   Attaches children to a parent object at an anchor point and orientation.
// Arguments:
//   name = The name of the parent anchor point to attach to.
//   to = Optional name of the child anchor point.  If given, orients the child such that the named anchors align together rotationally.
//   overlap = Amount to sink child into the parent.  Equivalent to `down(X)` after the attach.
//   norot = If true, don't rotate children when attaching to the anchor point.  Only translate to the anchor point.
// Example:
//   spheroid(d=20) {
//       attach(TOP) down(1.5) cyl(l=11.5, d1=10, d2=5, anchor=BOTTOM);
//       attach(RIGHT, BOTTOM) down(1.5) cyl(l=11.5, d1=10, d2=5);
//       attach(FRONT, BOTTOM, overlap=1.5) cyl(l=11.5, d1=10, d2=5);
//   }
module attach(name, to=undef, overlap=undef, norot=false)
{
	assert($parent_size != undef, "No object to attach to!");
	overlap = (overlap!=undef)? overlap : $overlap;
	anch = find_anchor(name, $parent_size.z, point2d($parent_size), size2=$parent_size2, shift=$parent_shift, extra_anchors=$parent_anchors, geometry=$parent_geom, two_d=$parent_2d);
	pos = anch[1];
	vec = anch[2];
	ang = anch[3];
	$attach_to = to;
	$attach_anchor = anch;
	$attach_norot = norot;
	if (norot || (norm(vec-UP)<1e-9 && ang==0)) {
		translate(pos) translate([0,0,-overlap]) children();
	} else {
		fromvec = $parent_2d? BACK : UP;
		translate(pos) rot(ang,from=fromvec,to=vec) translate([0,0,-overlap]) children();
	}
}


// Module: tags()
// Usage:
//   tags(tags) ...
// Description:
//   Marks all children with the given tags.
// Arguments:
//   tags = String containing space delimited set of tags to apply.
module tags(tags)
{
	$tags = tags;
	children();
}


// Module: recolor()
// Usage:
//   recolor(c) ...
// Description:
//   Sets the color for children that can use the $color special variable.
// Arguments:
//   c = Color name or RGBA vector.
// Example:
//   recolor("red") cyl(l=20, d=10);
module recolor(c)
{
	$color = c;
	children();
}


// Module: hide()
// Usage:
//   hide(tags) ...
// Description:
//   Hides all children with the given tags.
// Example:
//   hide("A") cube(50, anchor=CENTER, $tags="Main") {
//       attach(LEFT, BOTTOM) cylinder(d=30, l=30, $tags="A");
//       attach(RIGHT, BOTTOM) cylinder(d=30, l=30, $tags="B");
//   }
module hide(tags="")
{
	$tags_hidden = tags==""? [] : _str_char_split(tags, " ");
	children();
}


// Module: show()
// Usage:
//   show(tags) ...
// Description:
//   Shows only children with the given tags.
// Example:
//   show("A B") cube(50, anchor=CENTER, $tags="Main") {
//       attach(LEFT, BOTTOM) cylinder(d=30, l=30, $tags="A");
//       attach(RIGHT, BOTTOM) cylinder(d=30, l=30, $tags="B");
//   }
module show(tags="")
{
	$tags_shown = tags==""? [] : _str_char_split(tags, " ");
	children();
}


// Module: diff()
// Usage:
//   diff(neg, [keep]) ...
//   diff(neg, pos, [keep]) ...
// Description:
//   If `neg` is given, takes the union of all children with tags
//   that are in `neg`, and differences them from the union of all
//   children with tags in `pos`.  If `pos` is not given, then all
//   items in `neg` are differenced from all items not in `neg`.  If
//   `keep` is given, all children with tags in `keep` are then unioned
//   with the result.  If `keep` is not given, all children without
//   tags in `pos` or `neg` are then unioned with the result.
// Arguments:
//   neg = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children to difference away.
//   pos = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children to be differenced away from.
//   keep = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children to keep whole.
// Example:
//   diff("neg", "pos", keep="axle")
//   sphere(d=100, $tags="pos") {
//       attach(CENTER) xcyl(d=40, h=120, $tags="axle");
//       attach(CENTER) cube([40,120,100], anchor=CENTER, $tags="neg");
//   }
module diff(neg, pos=undef, keep=undef)
{
	difference() {
		if (pos != undef) {
			show(pos) children();
		} else {
			if (keep == undef) {
				hide(neg) children();
			} else {
				hide(str(neg," ",keep)) children();
			}
		}
		show(neg) children();
	}
	if (keep!=undef) {
		show(keep) children();
	} else if (pos!=undef) {
		hide(str(pos," ",neg)) children();
	}
}


// Module: intersect()
// Usage:
//   intersect(a, [keep]) ...
//   intersect(a, b, [keep]) ...
// Description:
//   If `a` is given, takes the union of all children with tags that
//   are in `a`, and intersection()s them with the union of all
//   children with tags in `b`.  If `b` is not given, then the union
//   of all items with tags in `a` are intersection()ed with the union
//   of all items without tags in `a`.  If `keep` is given, then the
//   result is unioned with all the children with tags in `keep`.  If
//   `keep` is not given, all children without tags in `a` or `b` are
//   unioned with the result.
// Arguments:
//   a = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children.
//   b = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children.
//   keep = String containing space delimited set of tag names of children to keep whole.
// Example:
//   intersect("wheel", "mask", keep="axle")
//   sphere(d=100, $tags="wheel") {
//       attach(CENTER) cube([40,100,100], anchor=CENTER, $tags="mask");
//       attach(CENTER) xcyl(d=40, h=100, $tags="axle");
//   }
module intersect(a, b=undef, keep=undef)
{
	intersection() {
		if (b != undef) {
			show(b) children();
		} else {
			if (keep == undef) {
				hide(a) children();
			} else {
				hide(str(a," ",keep)) children();
			}
		}
		show(a) children();
	}
	if (keep!=undef) {
		show(keep) children();
	} else if (b!=undef) {
		hide(str(a," ",b)) children();
	}
}


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