diff --git a/screws.scad b/screws.scad index fc0795f..675d2a6 100644 --- a/screws.scad +++ b/screws.scad @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Torx values: https://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/-/media/web/sef/resourc // undersize_shaft = amount to decrease diameter of the shaft of screw // undersize_head = amount to decrease the head diameter of the screw // atype = anchor type, one of "screw", "head", "shaft", "threads", "shank" -// anchor = Translate so anchor point on the shaft is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `BOTTOM` +// anchor = Translate so anchor point on the shaft is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `CENTER` // spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#subsection-spin). Default: `0` // orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#subsection-orient). Default: `UP` // Side Effects: @@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ Torx values: https://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/-/media/web/sef/resourc // top = top of screw // bot = bottom of screw // center = center of screw -// head_top = top of head (invalid for headless screws) -// head_bot = bottom of head (invalid for headless screws) -// head_center = center of head (invalid for headless screws) +// head_top = top of head (same as top for headless screws) +// head_bot = bottom of head (same as top for headless screws) +// head_center = center of head (same as top for headless screws) // shaft_top = top of shaft // shaft_bot = bottom of shaft // shaft_center = center of shaft @@ -446,18 +446,23 @@ function _get_spec(spec, needtype, origin, thread, // common parameters let(spec=is_undef(spec) ? $screw_spec : spec) assert(is_string(spec) || is_struct(spec), "Screw/nut specification must be a string or struct") let( + specname = is_struct(spec) ? struct_val(spec,"name") : undef, name = is_string(spec) ? spec - : struct_val(spec,"type") != needtype ? struct_val(spec,"name") + : struct_val(spec,"type") != needtype ? // if we switch between screw and nut we need a name + let(specname=struct_val(spec,"name")) + assert(is_string(specname), + "Parent screw_info or nut_info structure doesn't have a valid name, but a name is needed when child is of a different type") + specname : undef, - thread = - is_def(thread) ? thread - : origin=="screw_hole" ? false - : is_string(spec) ? thread - : let(p=struct_val(spec,"pitch")) - struct_val(spec,"origin")=="screw_hole" && origin!="screw_hole" && p==0? undef - : p + p = is_struct(spec) ? struct_val(spec,"pitch") : undef, + thread = // If the origin of the struct is a hole with pitch zero and we are making a screw, try to find a nonzero pitch + is_undef(name) && struct_val(spec,"origin")=="screw_hole" && origin!="screw_hole" && p==0 && is_string(specname) + ? let(temp_info = screw_info(specname,thread)) + struct_val(temp_info,"pitch") + : thread ) - is_def(name) ? (needtype=="screw_info" ? screw_info(name,_origin=origin, thread=thread, head=head, drive=drive, drive_size=drive_size) + is_def(name) ? (needtype=="screw_info" ? screw_info(name,_origin=origin, thread= origin=="screw_hole" ? default(thread,true) : thread, + head=head, drive=drive, drive_size=drive_size) : nut_info(name,_origin=origin, thread=thread, shape=shape, thickness=thickness)) : assert(in_list(struct_val(spec,"type"), ["nut_info","screw_info"]), "Screw/nut spec is invalid struct type") @@ -469,7 +474,8 @@ function _get_spec(spec, needtype, origin, thread, // common parameters assert(is_undef(shape), "You cannot change nut shape when using a struct specification") let( spec = _struct_reset(spec, - [ + [ + if (origin=="screw") ["counterbore",0], if (head=="none") ["head","none"], if (head=="none") ["drive","none"], if (thread==false || thread=="none") ["pitch",0] @@ -503,8 +509,9 @@ function screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, length, l, thread_len, tolerance, details=true, undersize, shaft_undersize, head_undersize, - atype="screw",anchor=BOTTOM, spin=0, orient=UP, - _shoulder_diam=0, _shoulder_len=0, + atype="screw",anchor, spin=0, orient=UP, + _shoulder_diam=0, _shoulder_len=0, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevelsize, _internal=false, _counterbore, _teardrop=false) { tempspec = _get_spec(spec, "screw_info", _internal ? "screw_hole" : "screw", @@ -584,16 +591,16 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, : atype=="threads" ? _shoulder_len + shoulder_adj + length-thread_len + thread_len/2 : atype=="screw" ? (length-head_height+_shoulder_len+shoulder_adj-flat_cbore_height)/2 : assert(false,"Unknown atype"); - dummyM = assert(!headless || !in_list(anchor,["head_top","head_bot","head_center"]), str("Anchor \"",anchor,"\" not allowed for headless screw")) + dummyM = //assert(!headless || !in_list(anchor,["head_top","head_bot","head_center"]), str("Anchor \"",anchor,"\" not allowed for headless screw")) assert(shank_len>0 || !in_list(anchor,["shank_top","shank_bot","shank_center"]), str("Screw has no unthreaded shank so anchor \"",anchor,"\" is not allowed")); anchor_list = [ named_anchor("top", [0,0,offset+head_height+flat_cbore_height]), named_anchor("bot", [0,0,-length-shoulder_full+offset]), named_anchor("center", [0,0, -length/2 - shoulder_full/2 + head_height/2 + offset]), - if (!headless) named_anchor("head_top", [0,0,head_height+offset]), - if (!headless) named_anchor("head_bot", [0,0,-flat_height+offset]), - if (!headless) named_anchor("head_center", [0,0,(head_height-flat_height)/2+offset]), + named_anchor("head_top", [0,0,head_height+offset]), + named_anchor("head_bot", [0,0,-flat_height+offset]), + named_anchor("head_center", [0,0,(head_height-flat_height)/2+offset]), if (_shoulder_len>0) named_anchor("shoulder_top", [0,0,offset-flat_height]), if (_shoulder_len>0) named_anchor("shoulder_bot", [0,0,offset-shoulder_full]), if (_shoulder_len>0) named_anchor("shoulder_center", [0,0,offset-flat_height-_shoulder_len/2]), @@ -623,6 +630,7 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, : atype=="screw" ? length+head_height+shoulder_full + flat_cbore_height : is_def(vnf) ? undef : head_height+flat_height+flat_cbore_height; + bevelsize = default(bevelsize, d_major/12); attachable( vnf = vnf, d = u_add(u_mul(attach_d, rad_scale), islop), @@ -646,22 +654,29 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, } if (shank_len>0 || pitch==0){ L = pitch==0 ? length - (_shoulder_len==0?flat_height:0) : shank_len; + bevsize = (_internal ? -1 : 1)*bevelsize; + bev1 = details && pitch==0 && first_defined([bevel1,bevel,!_internal]) ? bevsize : 0; + bev2 = details && pitch==0 && first_defined([bevel2,bevel,headless && !_internal]) ? bevsize : 0; down(_shoulder_len+flat_height-eps_shank) if (_teardrop) - teardrop(d=d_major*rad_scale+islop, h=L+eps_shank, anchor=FRONT, orient=BACK, $fn=sides); + teardrop(d=d_major*rad_scale+islop, h=L+eps_shank, anchor=FRONT, orient=BACK, $fn=sides, chamfer1=bev1, chamfer2=bev2); else - cyl(d=d_major*rad_scale+islop, h=L+eps_shank, anchor=TOP, $fn=sides); + cyl(d=d_major*rad_scale+islop, h=L+eps_shank, anchor=TOP, $fn=sides, chamfer1=bev1, chamfer2=bev2); } - if (thread_len>0 && pitch>0) + if (thread_len>0 && pitch>0){ + bev1 = details && first_defined([bevel1,bevel,!_internal]); + bev2 = details && first_defined([bevel2,bevel,!_internal && (flathead || _shoulder_len>0 || headless)]); down(_shoulder_len+flat_height+shank_len-eps_thread) threaded_rod([mean(struct_val(threadspec, "d_minor")), mean(struct_val(threadspec, "d_pitch")), d_major], pitch = struct_val(threadspec, "pitch"), l=thread_len+eps_thread, left_handed=false, internal=_internal, - bevel1=details, - bevel2=details && (flathead || _shoulder_len>0 || headless), + bevel1=bev1, + bevel2=bev2, $fn=sides, anchor=TOP); + } + } if (!_internal) _driver(spec); } @@ -688,7 +703,13 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, // For clearance holes, the UTS tolerances are "normal", "loose" and "close". ASME also specifies the same naming for metric clearance holes. // However, ISO gives "fine", "medium" and "coarse" instead. This function accepts all of these in either system. It also takes "tight" to be equivalent to "close", // even though no standard suggests it, because it's a natural opposite of "loose". The official tolerance designations for ISO are "H12" for "fine", "H13" for "medium" -// and "H14" for "coarse". These designations will also work, but only for metric holes. You can also set tolerance to 0 or "none" to produce holes at the nominal size. +// and "H14" for "coarse". These designations will also work, but only for metric holes. You can also set tolerance to 0 or "none" to produce holes at the nominal size. +// . +// If you want to produce holes for tapping you can use a tolerance of "tap". This produces a hole of the nominal screw diameter reduced by the thread pitch. You may still +// need to adjust $slop for best results. Some people screw machine screws directly into plastic without tapping. This works better with a somewhat larger hole, so +// a tolerance of "self tap" produces such a hole. Note that this tolerance also makes the default bevel2=true to bevel the top, which makes it much easier +// to start the screw. The "self tap" tolerance subtracts `0.72 * pitch` when pitch is below 1mm, `0.6 * pitch` when the pitch is over 1.5mm, and it interpolates between. +// It was tested in PLA with a Prusa MK3S and $slop=0.5 and worked on UTS screws from #2 up to 1/2 inch. // . // The counterbore parameter adds a cylindrical clearance hole above the screw shaft. For flat heads it extends above the flathead and for other screw types it // replaces the head with a cylinder large enough in diameter for the head to fit. For a flat head you must specify the length of the counterbore. For other heads you can @@ -713,9 +734,12 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, // length / l= length of screw (in mm) // counterbore = set to length of counterbore, or true to make a counterbore equal to head height. Default: false for flat heads and headless, true otherwise // tolerance = threading or clearance hole tolerance. For internal threads, detrmines actual thread geometry based on nominal sizing. See [tolerance](#subsection-tolerance). Default is "2B" for UTS and 6H for ISO. For clearance holes, determines how much clearance to add. Default is "normal". +// bevel = if true create bevel at both ends of hole. Default: see below +// bevel1 = if true create bevel at bottom end of hole. Default: false +// bevel2 = if true create bevel at top end of hole. Default: true when tolerance="self tap", false otherwise // $slop = add extra gap to account for printer overextrusion. Default: 0 // atype = anchor type, one of "screw", "head", "shaft", "threads", "shank" -// anchor = Translate so anchor point on the shaft is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `BOTTOM` +// anchor = Translate so anchor point on the shaft is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `CENTER` // spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#subsection-spin). Default: `0` // orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#subsection-orient). Default: `UP` // Side Effects: @@ -759,10 +783,14 @@ module screw(spec, head, drive, thread, drive_size, // screw_hole("M16,15",anchor=TOP,thread=true); module screw_hole(spec, head, thread, oversize, hole_oversize, head_oversize, length, l, thread_len, tolerance=undef, counterbore, teardrop=false, - atype="screw",anchor=BOTTOM,spin=0, orient=UP) + bevel, bevel1, bevel2, + atype="screw",anchor=CENTER,spin=0, orient=UP) { screwspec = _get_spec(spec, "screw_info", "screw_hole", thread=thread, head=head); + bevel1 = first_defined([bevel1,bevel,false]); + bevel2 = first_defined([bevel2,bevel,tolerance=="self tap"]); + thread = default(thread,false); checkhead = struct_val(screwspec,"head"); default_counterbore = checkhead=="none" || starts_with(checkhead,"flat") ? 0 : true; counterbore = default(counterbore, default_counterbore); @@ -775,11 +803,15 @@ module screw_hole(spec, head, thread, oversize, hole_oversize, head_oversize, default_tag("remove") screw(spec,head=head,thread=thread,undersize=undersize, length=length,l=l,thread_len=thread_len, tolerance=tolerance, _counterbore=counterbore, + bevel=bevel, bevel1=bevel1, bevel2=bevel2, atype=atype, anchor=anchor, spin=spin, orient=orient, _internal=true, _teardrop=teardrop) children(); } else { tolerance = default(tolerance, "normal"); + pitch = struct_val(screwspec,"pitch"); + dummy3 = assert((downcase(tolerance) != "tap" && downcase(tolerance)!="self tap") || pitch!=0, + "\"tap\" clearance requires a pitch size, but pitch is set to zero"); // UTS clearances from ASME B18.2.8 UTS_clearance = [ [ // Close fit @@ -876,7 +908,7 @@ module screw_hole(spec, head, thread, oversize, hole_oversize, head_oversize, ] ]; tol_ind = in_list(downcase(tolerance), ["close", "fine", "tight"]) ? 0 - : in_list(downcase(tolerance), ["normal", "medium"]) ? 1 + : in_list(downcase(tolerance), ["normal", "medium", "tap", "self tap"]) ? 1 : in_list(downcase(tolerance), ["loose", "coarse"]) ? 2 : in_list(tolerance, ["H12","H13","H14"]) ? assert(struct_val(screwspec,"system")=="ISO", str("Hole tolerance ", tolerance, " only allowed with ISO screws")) @@ -884,15 +916,18 @@ module screw_hole(spec, head, thread, oversize, hole_oversize, head_oversize, : assert(false,str("Unknown tolerance ",tolerance, " for clearance hole")); tol_table = struct_val(screwspec,"system")=="UTS" ? UTS_clearance[tol_ind] : ISO_clearance[tol_ind]; // If we got here, hole_oversize is undefined and oversize is undefined - hole_oversize = lookup(_nominal_diam(screwspec), tol_table); + hole_oversize = downcase(tolerance)=="tap" ? -pitch + : downcase(tolerance)=="self tap" ? -pitch*lookup(pitch,[[1,0.72],[1.5,.6]]) + : lookup(_nominal_diam(screwspec), tol_table); head_oversize = first_defined([head_oversize,hole_oversize]); default_tag("remove") screw(spec,head=head,thread=0,shaft_undersize=-hole_oversize, head_undersize=-head_oversize, length=length,l=l,thread_len=thread_len, _counterbore=counterbore, + bevel=bevel, bevel1=bevel1, bevel2=bevel2, bevelsize=pitch>0?pitch:undef, atype=atype, anchor=anchor, spin=spin, orient=orient, _internal=true, _teardrop=teardrop) children(); } -} +} // Module: shoulder_screw() // Usage: @@ -1388,11 +1423,7 @@ module screw_head(screw_info,details=false, counterbore=0,flat_height,oversize=0 } } if (head=="hex") - intersection(){ - linear_extrude(height=head_height) hexagon(id=head_size); - if (details) - down(.01)cyl(l=head_height+.02,d=2*head_size/sqrt(3), chamfer=head_size*(1/sqrt(3)-1/2), anchor=BOTTOM); - } + _nutshape(head_size,head_height,"hex",false,true); } } @@ -1409,7 +1440,11 @@ module screw_head(screw_info,details=false, counterbore=0,flat_height,oversize=0 // As with screws, you can give the specification in `spec` and then omit the name. The diameter is the flat-to-flat // size of the nut produced. The thickness can be "thin", "normal" or "thick" to choose standard nut dimensions. For metric // nuts you can also use thickness values of "DIN" or "undersized". The nut's shape is hexagonal by default; set shape to "square" for -// a square nut. +// a square nut. +// . +// By default all nuts have the internal holes beveled and hex nuts have their corners beveled. Square nuts get no outside bevel by default. +// ASME specifies that small square nuts should not be beveled, and many square nuts are beveled only on one side. The bevel angle, specified with bevang, +// gives the angle for the bevel. The default of 15 is shallow and may not be printable. Internal hole are beveled at 45 deg by the depth of one thread. // . // The tolerance determines the actual thread sizing based on the nominal size in accordance with standards. // The $slop parameter determines extra gaps left to account for printing overextrusion. It defaults to 0. @@ -1421,7 +1456,7 @@ module screw_head(screw_info,details=false, counterbore=0,flat_height,oversize=0 // nutwidth = width of nut (overrides table values) // thread = thread type or specification. See [screw pitch](#subsection-standard-screw-pitch). Default: "coarse" // hole_oversize = amount to increase hole diameter. Default: 0 -// bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. +// bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. // bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 @@ -2808,7 +2843,6 @@ function _validate_screw_spec(spec) = - // Function: thread_specification() // Usage: // thread_specification(screw_spec, [tolerance], [internal]) diff --git a/shapes2d.scad b/shapes2d.scad index abd6614..40283fa 100644 --- a/shapes2d.scad +++ b/shapes2d.scad @@ -1190,6 +1190,8 @@ module jittered_poly(path, dist=1/512) { // // Description: // Makes a 2D teardrop shape. Useful for extruding into 3D printable holes. Uses "intersect" style anchoring. +// The cap_h parameter truncates the top of the teardrop. If cap_h is taller than the untruncated form then +// the result will be the full, untruncated shape. // // Usage: As Module // teardrop2d(r/d=, [ang], [cap_h]) [ATTACHMENTS]; @@ -1205,7 +1207,7 @@ module jittered_poly(path, dist=1/512) { // ang = angle of hat walls from the Y axis. (Default: 45 degrees) // cap_h = if given, height above center where the shape will be truncated. // --- -// d = diameter of spherical portion of bottom. (Use instead of r) +// d = diameter of circular portion of bottom. (Use instead of r) // anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `CENTER` // spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#subsection-spin). Default: `0` // @@ -1224,24 +1226,25 @@ module teardrop2d(r, ang=45, cap_h, d, anchor=CENTER, spin=0) } } +// _extrapt = true causes the point to be duplicated so a teardrop with no cap +// has the same point count as one with a cap. -function teardrop2d(r, ang=45, cap_h, d, anchor=CENTER, spin=0) = +function teardrop2d(r, ang=45, cap_h, d, anchor=CENTER, spin=0, _extrapt=false) = let( r = get_radius(r=r, d=d, dflt=1), - ang2 = 90-ang, - prepath = zrot(90, p=circle(r=r)), - eps=1e-9, - prepath2 = [for (p=prepath) let(a=atan2(p.y,p.x)) if(a<=90-ang2+eps || a>=90+ang2-eps) p], - hyp = is_undef(cap_h) - ? opp_ang_to_hyp(abs(prepath2[0].x), ang) - : adj_ang_to_hyp(cap_h-prepath2[0].y, ang), - p1 = prepath2[0] + polar_to_xy(hyp, 90+ang), - p2 = last(prepath2) + polar_to_xy(hyp, 90-ang), - path = deduplicate([p1, each prepath2, p2], closed=true) + ang2=90-ang, + minheight = r*sin(ang), + maxheight = r/cos(ang2) + ) + assert(is_undef(cap_h) || cap_h>=minheight, str("cap_h cannot be less than ",minheight," but it is ",cap_h)) + let( + firstpt = is_undef(cap_h) || cap_h>=maxheight ? [[0,maxheight]] + : [[(maxheight-cap_h)*tan(ang), cap_h]], + lastpt = !_extrapt && (is_undef(cap_h) || cap_h>=maxheight) ? [] : [[-firstpt[0].x,firstpt[0].y]], + path = concat(firstpt, arc(angle=[ang, -180-ang], r=r), lastpt) ) reorient(anchor,spin, two_d=true, path=path, p=path, extent=false); - // Function&Module: egg() // Usage: As Module // egg(length, r1|d1=, r2|d2=, R|D=) [ATTACHMENTS]; diff --git a/shapes3d.scad b/shapes3d.scad index 49d6ecb..37c5322 100644 --- a/shapes3d.scad +++ b/shapes3d.scad @@ -2479,10 +2479,15 @@ function torus( // // Description: // Makes a teardrop shape in the XZ plane. Useful for 3D printable holes. +// Optional chamfers can be added with positive or negative distances. A positive distance +// specifies the amount to inset the chamfer along the front/back faces of the shape. +// The chamfer will extend the same y distance into the shape. If the radii are the same +// then the chamfer will be a 45 degree chamfer, but in other cases it will not. +// Note that with caps, the chamfer must not be so big that it makes the cap height illegal. // // Usage: Typical -// teardrop(h|l, r, [ang], [cap_h], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; -// teardrop(h|l, d=, [ang=], [cap_h=], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; +// teardrop(h|l|length|height, r, [ang], [cap_h], [chamfer=], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; +// teardrop(h|l|length|height, d=, [ang=], [cap_h=], [chamfer=], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; // Usage: Psuedo-Conical // teardrop(h|l, r1=, r2=, [ang=], [cap_h1=], [cap_h2=], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; // teardrop(h|l, d1=, d2=, [ang=], [cap_h1=], [cap_h2=], ...) [ATTACHMENTS]; @@ -2504,6 +2509,9 @@ function torus( // d2 = Diameter of circular portion of the back end of the teardrop shape. // cap_h1 = If given, height above center where the shape will be truncated, on the front side. Default: `undef` (no truncation) // cap_h2 = If given, height above center where the shape will be truncated, on the back side. Default: `undef` (no truncation) +// chamfer = Specifies size of chamfer as distance along the bottom and top faces. Default: 0 +// chamfer1 = Specifies size of chamfer on bottom as distance along bottom face. Default: 0 +// chamfer2 = Specifies size of chamfer on top as distance along top face. Default: 0 // anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#subsection-anchor). Default: `CENTER` // spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#subsection-spin). Default: `0` // orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#subsection-orient). Default: `UP` @@ -2521,6 +2529,8 @@ function torus( // teardrop(r=30, h=10, ang=30, cap_h=20); // Example: Psuedo-Conical // teardrop(r1=20, r2=30, h=40, cap_h1=25, cap_h2=35); +// Example: Adding chamfers can be useful for a teardrop hole mask +// teardrop(r=10, l=50, chamfer1=2, chamfer2=-1.5); // Example: Getting a VNF // vnf = teardrop(r1=25, r2=30, l=20, cap_h1=25, cap_h2=35); // vnf_polyhedron(vnf); @@ -2531,78 +2541,70 @@ function torus( // teardrop(d1=20, d2=30, h=20, cap_h1=11, cap_h2=16) // show_anchors(std=false); -module teardrop(h, r, ang=45, cap_h, r1, r2, d, d1, d2, cap_h1, cap_h2, l, anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP) +module teardrop(h, r, ang=45, cap_h, r1, r2, d, d1, d2, cap_h1, cap_h2, l, length, height, chamfer, chamfer1, chamfer2,anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP) { - r1 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r1, d=d, d1=d1, dflt=1); - r2 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r2, d=d, d1=d2, dflt=1); - l = first_defined([l, h, 1]); - cap_h1 = first_defined([cap_h1, cap_h]); - cap_h2 = first_defined([cap_h2, cap_h]); - sides = segs(max(r1,r2)); - profile1 = teardrop2d(r=r1, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h1, $fn=sides); - profile2 = teardrop2d(r=r2, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h2, $fn=sides); - tip_y1 = max(column(profile1,1)); - tip_y2 = max(column(profile2,1)); + length = one_defined([l, h, length, height],"l,h,length,height"); + r1 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r1, d=d, d1=d1); + r2 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r2, d=d, d1=d2); + tip_y1 = r1/cos(90-ang); + tip_y2 = r2/cos(90-ang); _cap_h1 = min(default(cap_h1, tip_y1), tip_y1); _cap_h2 = min(default(cap_h2, tip_y2), tip_y2); - capvec = unit([0, _cap_h1-_cap_h2, l]); + f= echo(fff=_cap_h1,_cap_h2); + capvec = unit([0, _cap_h1-_cap_h2, length]); anchors = [ named_anchor("cap", [0,0,(_cap_h1+_cap_h2)/2], capvec), - named_anchor("cap_fwd", [0,-l/2,_cap_h1], unit((capvec+FWD)/2)), - named_anchor("cap_back", [0,+l/2,_cap_h2], unit((capvec+BACK)/2), 180), + named_anchor("cap_fwd", [0,-length/2,_cap_h1], unit((capvec+FWD)/2)), + named_anchor("cap_back", [0,+length/2,_cap_h2], unit((capvec+BACK)/2), 180), ]; - attachable(anchor,spin,orient, r1=r1, r2=r2, l=l, axis=BACK, anchors=anchors) { - rot(from=UP,to=FWD) { - if (l > 0) { - if (r1 == r2) { - linear_extrude(height=l, center=true, slices=2) { - polygon(profile1); - } - } else { - hull() { - up(l/2-0.001) { - linear_extrude(height=0.001, center=false) { - polygon(profile1); - } - } - down(l/2) { - linear_extrude(height=0.001, center=false) { - polygon(profile2); - } - } - } - } - } - } + attachable(anchor,spin,orient, r1=r1, r2=r2, l=length, axis=BACK, anchors=anchors) + { + vnf_polyhedron(teardrop(ang=ang,cap_h=cap_h,r1=r1,r2=r2,,cap_h1=cap_h1,cap_h2=cap_h2, + length=length, chamfer1=chamfer1,chamfer2=chamfer2,chamfer=chamfer)); children(); } } -function teardrop(h, r, ang=45, cap_h, r1, r2, d, d1, d2, cap_h1, cap_h2, l, anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP) = +function teardrop(h, r, ang=45, cap_h, r1, r2, d, d1, d2, cap_h1, cap_h2, chamfer, chamfer1, chamfer2, + l, length, height, anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP) = let( r1 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r1, d=d, d1=d1, dflt=1), r2 = get_radius(r=r, r1=r2, d=d, d1=d2, dflt=1), - l = first_defined([l, h, 1]), + length = one_defined([l, h, length, height],"l,h,length,height"), cap_h1 = first_defined([cap_h1, cap_h]), cap_h2 = first_defined([cap_h2, cap_h]), + chamfer1 = first_defined([chamfer1,chamfer,0]), + chamfer2 = first_defined([chamfer2,chamfer,0]), sides = segs(max(r1,r2)), - profile1 = teardrop2d(r=r1, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h1, $fn=sides), - profile2 = teardrop2d(r=r2, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h2, $fn=sides), - tip_y1 = max(column(profile1,1)), - tip_y2 = max(column(profile2,1)), + profile1 = teardrop2d(r=r1, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h1, $fn=sides, _extrapt=true), + profile2 = teardrop2d(r=r2, ang=ang, cap_h=cap_h2, $fn=sides, _extrapt=true), + tip_y1 = r1/cos(90-ang), + tip_y2 = r2/cos(90-ang), _cap_h1 = min(default(cap_h1, tip_y1), tip_y1), _cap_h2 = min(default(cap_h2, tip_y2), tip_y2), - capvec = unit([0, _cap_h1-_cap_h2, l]), + capvec = unit([0, _cap_h1-_cap_h2, length]), + dummy= + assert(abs(chamfer1)+abs(chamfer2) <= length,"chamfers are too big to fit in the length") + assert(chamfer1<=r1 && chamfer2<=r2, "Chamfers cannot be larger than raduis") + assert(is_undef(cap_h1) || cap_h1-chamfer1 > r1*sin(ang), "chamfer1 is too big to work with the specified cap_h1") + assert(is_undef(cap_h2) || cap_h2-chamfer2 > r2*sin(ang), "chamfer2 is too big to work with the specified cap_h2"), + cprof1 = r1==chamfer1 ? repeat([0,0],len(profile1)) + : teardrop2d(r=r1-chamfer1, ang=ang, cap_h=u_add(cap_h1,-chamfer1), $fn=sides, _extrapt=true), + cprof2 = r2==chamfer2 ? repeat([0,0],len(profile2)) + : teardrop2d(r=r2-chamfer2, ang=ang, cap_h=u_add(cap_h2,-chamfer2), $fn=sides, _extrapt=true), + fefda= echo(lens=len(cprof1),len(cprof2)), anchors = [ named_anchor("cap", [0,0,(_cap_h1+_cap_h2)/2], capvec), - named_anchor("cap_fwd", [0,-l/2,_cap_h1], unit((capvec+FWD)/2)), - named_anchor("cap_back", [0,+l/2,_cap_h2], unit((capvec+BACK)/2), 180), + named_anchor("cap_fwd", [0,-length/2,_cap_h1], unit((capvec+FWD)/2)), + named_anchor("cap_back", [0,+length/2,_cap_h2], unit((capvec+BACK)/2), 180), ], vnf = vnf_vertex_array( points = [ - fwd(l/2, p=xrot(90, p=path3d(profile1))), - back(l/2, p=xrot(90, p=path3d(profile2))), + if (chamfer1!=0) fwd(length/2, xrot(90, path3d(cprof1))), + fwd(length/2-abs(chamfer1), xrot(90, path3d(profile1))), + back(length/2-abs(chamfer2), xrot(90, path3d(profile2))), + if (chamfer2!=0) back(length/2, xrot(90, path3d(cprof2))), ], caps=true, col_wrap=true, reverse=true ) diff --git a/threading.scad b/threading.scad index e93cd83..5c01c00 100644 --- a/threading.scad +++ b/threading.scad @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ module threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ module threaded_rod( function threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, starts=1, shape="hex", left_handed=false, bevel, bevel1, bevel2, id1,id2, - ibevel1, ibevel2, ibevel, bevang=15, thickness, height, + ibevel1, ibevel2, ibevel, bevang=30, thickness, height, anchor, spin, orient )=no_function("threaded_nut"); module threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, starts=1, shape="hex", left_handed=false, bevel, bevel1, bevel2, id1,id2, - ibevel1, ibevel2, ibevel, bevang=15, thickness, height, + ibevel1, ibevel2, ibevel, bevang=30, thickness, height, anchor, spin, orient ) { dummy1= @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ module trapezoidal_threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ function trapezoidal_threaded_nut( thread_depth, shape="hex", left_handed=false, starts=1, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel1,ibevel2,ibevel, thickness,height, id1,id2, @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ module trapezoidal_threaded_nut( thread_depth, shape="hex", left_handed=false, starts=1, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel1,ibevel2,ibevel, thickness,height, id1,id2, @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ module acme_threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ function acme_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, tpi, pitch, starts=1, left_handed=false,shape="hex", - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2, height,thickness, anchor, spin, orient @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ module acme_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, tpi, pitch, starts=1, left_handed=false,shape="hex", - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2, height,thickness, anchor, spin, orient @@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ module buttress_threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -782,14 +782,14 @@ module buttress_threaded_rod( function buttress_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, shape="hex", left_handed=false, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15,starts=1, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30,starts=1, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2,height,thickness, anchor, spin, orient ) = no_function("buttress_threaded_nut"); module buttress_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, shape="hex", left_handed=false, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15,starts=1, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30,starts=1, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2,height,thickness, anchor, spin, orient ) { @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ module square_threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ function square_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, left_handed=false, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2, height,thickness, starts=1, @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ module square_threaded_nut( nutwidth, id, h, pitch, left_handed=false, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel,ibevel1,ibevel2, height,thickness, starts=1, @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ module generic_threaded_rod( // bevel = if true, bevel the outside of the nut. Default: true for hex nuts, false for square nuts // bevel1 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut bottom. // bevel2 = if true, bevel the outside of the nut top. -// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 15 +// bevang = set the angle for the outside nut bevel. Default: 30 // ibevel = if true, bevel the inside (the hole). Default: true // ibevel1 = if true bevel the inside, bottom end. // ibevel2 = if true bevel the inside, top end. @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ function generic_threaded_nut( shape="hex", left_handed=false, starts=1, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel, ibevel1, ibevel2, id1,id2, height, thickness, anchor, spin, orient @@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ module generic_threaded_nut( shape="hex", left_handed=false, starts=1, - bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=15, + bevel,bevel1,bevel2,bevang=30, ibevel, ibevel1, ibevel2, id1,id2, height, thickness, anchor, spin, orient @@ -1332,19 +1332,11 @@ module generic_threaded_nut( bevel1 = first_defined([bevel1,bevel,shape=="hex"?true:false]); bevel2 = first_defined([bevel2,bevel,shape=="hex"?true:false]); depth = -pitch*min(column(profile,1)); - bevel_d=0.975; IBEV=0.05; vnf = linear_sweep(hexagon(id=nutwidth), height=h, center=true); attachable(anchor,spin,orient, size=shape=="square" ? [nutwidth,nutwidth,h] : undef, vnf=shape=="hex" ? vnf : undef) { difference() { - intersection(){ - if (shape=="hex") - vnf_polyhedron(vnf); - else - cuboid([nutwidth,nutwidth,h]); - if (bevel2) cyl(h=h+.01, d2=nutwidth*bevel_d,d1=nutwidth*bevel_d+h/tan(bevang), $fn=64); - if (bevel1) down(.01) cyl(h=h+.01, d1=nutwidth*bevel_d,d2=nutwidth*bevel_d+h/tan(bevang), $fn=64); - } + _nutshape(nutwidth,h, shape,bevel1,bevel2); if (pitch==0) cyl(l=h+extra, d1=full_id1+4*get_slop(), d2=full_id2+4*get_slop(), chamfer1=ibevel1?-IBEV*full_id1:undef, chamfer2=ibevel2?-IBEV*full_id2:undef); else @@ -1364,6 +1356,23 @@ module generic_threaded_nut( } +module _nutshape(nutwidth, h, shape, bevel1, bevel2) +{ + bevel_d=0.9; + intersection(){ + if (shape=="hex") + cyl(d=nutwidth, circum=true, $fn=6, l=h, chamfer1=bevel1?0:nutwidth*.01, chamfer2=bevel2?0:nutwidth*.01); + //vnf_polyhedron(vnf); + else + cuboid([nutwidth,nutwidth,h],chamfer=nutwidth*.01, except=[if (bevel1) BOT, if(bevel2) TOP]); + fn = quantup(segs(r=nutwidth/2),shape=="hex"?6:4); + d = shape=="hex" ? 2*nutwidth/sqrt(3) : sqrt(2)*nutwidth; + chamfsize = (d-nutwidth)/2/bevel_d; + cyl(d=d*.99,h=h+.01,realign=true,circum=true,$fn=fn,chamfer1=bevel1?chamfsize:0,chamfer2=bevel2?chamfsize:0,chamfang=90-30); + } +} + + // Module: thread_helix() // Usage: // thread_helix(d, pitch, [thread_depth], [flank_angle], [twist], [profile=], [left_handed=], [higbee=], [internal=]);