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tutorials/Rounding the Cube.md
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# Rounding the Cube # Rounding the Cube
One of the shape primitives you'll use most often in your OpenSCAD designs is the cube. Rounding the edges of cube-like objects impacts both the visual appeal and functional aspects of the final product. The BOSL2 library provides a variety of methods for rounding edges and corners. One of the shape primitives you'll use most often in your OpenSCAD designs is the cube. Rounding the edges of cube-like objects impacts both the visual appeal and functional aspects of the final design. The BOSL2 library provides a variety of methods for rounding edges and corners.
There are four different 3d shape primitives that you can use to make cube-like objects: There are four different 3d shape primitives that you can use to make cube-like objects:
@ -17,30 +17,31 @@ BOSL2 provides two different methods for rounding the edges of the cube-like pri
* **Built-in Rounding** - [Cuboid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#module-cuboid), [prismoid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#functionmodule-prismoid), and [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism) all have built-in arguments for rounding some or all of their edges. * **Built-in Rounding** - [Cuboid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#module-cuboid), [prismoid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#functionmodule-prismoid), and [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism) all have built-in arguments for rounding some or all of their edges.
* **Masking** - BOSL2 includes a number of options for masking the edges and corners of objects. Masking can accomplish rounding tasks that are not possible with the built-in rounding arguments. * **Masking** - BOSL2 includes a number of options for masking the edges and corners of objects. Masking can accomplish rounding tasks that are not possible with the built-in rounding arguments. For example with masking you can have a cube with a different rounding radius on the top edges than the rounding radius on the bottom edges.
## Cuboid Rounding ## Cuboid Rounding
You can round the edges of a [cuboid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#module-cuboid) with the `rounding=` argument by specifying the radius of curvature: You can round the edges of a [cuboid()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#module-cuboid) with the `rounding` argument by specifying the radius of curvature:
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid(100, rounding=20); cuboid(100, rounding=20);
``` ```
If you want to round selected edges you can specify which edges using combinations of the named directions **LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOT, FWD, BACK**. See [specifying edges](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#subsection-specifying-edges) for more details.
![](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/images/attachments/subsection-specifying-edges_fig1.png) Cube-like objects have six named faces.
You can round just the top edges: ![](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/images/attachments/subsection-specifying-edges_fig2.png)
You can round just the edges on one of the faces. Here we're rounding only the top edges:
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, edges = TOP); cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, edges = TOP);
``` ```
...or just the bottom edges. Here we're using the *teardrop* parameter to limit the overhang angle to enable 3d printing without supports: ...or just the bottom edges. Here we're using the `teardrop` parameter to limit the overhang angle to enable 3d printing on FDM printers without requiring supports:
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, edges = "Z"); cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, edges = "Z");
``` ```
If you want to round selected edges you can specify which edges using combinations of the named directions **LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOT, FWD, BACK**. See [Specifying Edges](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#subsection-specifying-edges) for more details.
![](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/images/attachments/subsection-specifying-edges_fig1.png)
It is possible to round one or more of the edges while leaving others unrounded: It is possible to round one or more of the edges while leaving others unrounded:
@ -69,21 +74,30 @@ include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, except = TOP+FRONT); cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=20, except = TOP+FRONT);
``` ```
You can fillet edges by using negative rounding values: You can fillet top or bottom edges by using negative rounding values. Note that you cannot use negative rounding values on Z-aligned (side) edges.
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=-20, edges = BOTTOM); cuboid([100,80,60], rounding=-20, edges = BOTTOM);
``` ```
Chamfering the edges of the cuboid() can be done in a similar fashion: If you do need to add a fillet on a Z-aligned edge, use [fillet()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/shapes3d.scad#module-fillet):
```openscad-3d
include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], rounding = -10, edges = BOT+FRONT)
position(FRONT+RIGHT)
fillet(l=60, r=10, spin=180);
```
Chamfering the edges of the cuboid() can be done in a manner similar to rounding:
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cuboid([100,80,60], chamfer=20); cuboid([100,80,60], chamfer=20);
``` ```
You can specify edges as with rounding. You can specify edges as with rounding:
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
@ -182,11 +196,11 @@ include <BOSL2/std.scad>
diff() diff()
cuboid([60,80,40]) { cuboid([60,80,40]) {
edge_mask(TOP+FWD) edge_mask(TOP+FWD)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x + 0.1);
edge_mask(TOP+RIGHT) edge_mask(TOP+RIGHT)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y + 0.1);
edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD) edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z + 0.1);
} }
``` ```
@ -197,30 +211,30 @@ include <BOSL2/std.scad>
diff() diff()
cuboid([60,80,40]) { cuboid([60,80,40]) {
edge_mask(TOP+FWD) edge_mask(TOP+FWD)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x + 0.1);
edge_mask(TOP+RIGHT) edge_mask(TOP+RIGHT)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y + 0.1);
edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD) edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD)
rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z + 0.1);
corner_mask(TOP+RIGHT+FWD) corner_mask(TOP+RIGHT+FWD)
rounding_corner_mask(r = 10); rounding_corner_mask(r = 10);
} }
``` ```
As with the built-in rounding arguments, you can use [edge\_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#module-edge_mask) and [corner\_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#module-corner_mask) to apply teardrop roundings using [teardrop\_edge_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/masks3d.scad#module-teardrop_edge_mask) and [teardrop\_corner_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/masks3d.scad#module-teardrop_corner_mask) to limit the overhang angle for better printing on FDM printers. As with the built-in rounding arguments, you can use [edge\_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#module-edge_mask) and [corner\_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/attachments.scad#module-corner_mask) to apply teardrop roundings using [teardrop\_edge_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/masks3d.scad#module-teardrop_edge_mask) and [teardrop\_corner_mask()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/masks3d.scad#module-teardrop_corner_mask) to limit the overhang angle for better printing on FDM printers. Note that the vertical mask on the RIGHT_FWD edge is a rounding\_edge\_mask().
```openscad-3D ```openscad-3D
include <BOSL2/std.scad> include <BOSL2/std.scad>
diff() diff()
cuboid([60,80,40]) { cuboid([60,80,40]) {
edge_mask(TOP+FWD) edge_mask(BOT+FWD)
teardrop_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x, angle = 40); teardrop_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.x + 0.1, angle = 40);
edge_mask(TOP+RIGHT) edge_mask(BOT+RIGHT)
teardrop_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y, angle = 40); teardrop_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.y + 0.1, angle = 40);
edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD) edge_mask(RIGHT+FWD)
teardrop_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z, angle = 40); rounding_edge_mask(r = 10, l = $parent_size.z + 0.1);
corner_mask(TOP+RIGHT+FWD) corner_mask(BOT+RIGHT+FWD)
teardrop_corner_mask(r = 10, angle = 40); teardrop_corner_mask(r = 10, angle = 40);
} }
@ -228,7 +242,7 @@ diff()
##Rounded Prism ##Rounded Prism
You can construct cube-like objects, as well as a variety of other prisms using [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism). The unique feature of [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism) is the ability to use continuous curvature rounding. Rather than using constant radius arcs, continuous curvature rounding uses 4th order Bezier curves. For complete details on how this works see [Types of Roundovers](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#section-types-of-roundovers). You can construct cube-like objects, as well as a variety of other prisms using [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism). The unique feature of [rounded_prism()](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#functionmodule-rounded_prism) is the ability to use continuous curvature rounding. Rather than using constant radius arcs, continuous curvature rounding uses 4th order Bezier curves. For complete details on how this works see [Types of Roundovers](https://github.com/BelfrySCAD/BOSL2/wiki/rounding.scad#section-types-of-roundovers).
Two parameters control the roundover k and joint. The joint parameter is specified separately for the top, bottom and side edges; joint_top, joint_bot, and joint_sides. Two parameters control the roundover k and joint. The joint parameter is specified separately for the top, bottom and side edges; joint\_top, joint\_bot, and joint_sides.
The k parameter ranges from 0 to 1 with a default of 0.5. Larger values give a more abrupt transition and smaller ones a more gradual transition. A k value of .93 approximates the circular roundover of other rounding methods. The k parameter ranges from 0 to 1 with a default of 0.5. Larger values give a more abrupt transition and smaller ones a more gradual transition. A k value of .93 approximates the circular roundover of other rounding methods.