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BOSL2/strings.scad
Revar Desmera 939ab1000c Synopses, etc for strings.scad
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LibFile: strings.scad
// String manipulation and formatting functions.
// Includes:
// include <BOSL2/std.scad>
// FileGroup: Data Management
// FileSummary: String manipulation functions.
// FileFootnotes: STD=Included in std.scad
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Section: Extracting substrings
// Function: substr()
// Synopsis: Returns a substring from a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// newstr = substr(str, [pos], [len]);
// Description:
// Returns a substring from a string start at position `pos` with length `len`, or
// if `len` isn't given, the rest of the string.
// Arguments:
// str = string to operate on
// pos = starting index of substring, or vector of first and last position. Default: 0
// len = length of substring, or omit it to get the rest of the string. If len is zero or less then the emptry string is returned.
// Example:
// substr("abcdefg",3,3); // Returns "def"
// substr("abcdefg",2); // Returns "cdefg"
// substr("abcdefg",len=3); // Returns "abc"
// substr("abcdefg",[2,4]); // Returns "cde"
// substr("abcdefg",len=-2); // Returns ""
function substr(str, pos=0, len=undef) =
is_list(pos) ? _substr(str, pos[0], pos[1]-pos[0]+1) :
len == undef ? _substr(str, pos, len(str)-pos) :
_substr(str,pos,len);
function _substr(str,pos,len,substr="") =
len <= 0 || pos>=len(str) ? substr :
_substr(str, pos+1, len-1, str(substr, str[pos]));
// Function: suffix()
// Synopsis: Returns the last few characters of a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// newstr = suffix(str,len);
// Description:
// Returns the last `len` characters from the input string `str`.
// If `len` is longer than the length of `str`, then the entirety of `str` is returned.
// Arguments:
// str = The string to get the suffix of.
// len = The number of characters of suffix to get.
function suffix(str,len) =
len>=len(str)? str : substr(str, len(str)-len,len);
// Section: String Searching
// Function: str_find()
// Synopsis: Finds a substring in a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// ind = str_find(str,pattern,[last=],[all=],[start=]);
// Description:
// Searches input string `str` for the string `pattern` and returns the index or indices of the matches in `str`.
// By default `str_find()` returns the index of the first match in `str`. If `last` is true then it returns the index of the last match.
// If the pattern is the empty string the first match is at zero and the last match is the last character of the `str`.
// If `start` is set then the search begins at index start, working either forward and backward from that position. If you set `start`
// and `last` is true then the search will find the pattern if it begins at index `start`. If no match exists, returns `undef`.
// If you set `all` to true then `str_find()` returns all of the matches in a list, or an empty list if there are no matches.
// Arguments:
// str = String to search.
// pattern = string pattern to search for
// ---
// last = set to true to return the last match. Default: false
// all = set to true to return all matches as a list. Overrides last. Default: false
// start = index where the search starts
// Example:
// str_find("abc123def123abc","123"); // Returns 3
// str_find("abc123def123abc","b"); // Returns 1
// str_find("abc123def123abc","1234"); // Returns undef
// str_find("abc",""); // Returns 0
// str_find("abc123def123", "123", start=4); // Returns 9
// str_find("abc123def123abc","123",last=true); // Returns 9
// str_find("abc123def123abc","b",last=true); // Returns 13
// str_find("abc123def123abc","1234",last=true); // Returns undef
// str_find("abc","",last=true); // Returns 3
// str_find("abc123def123", "123", start=8, last=true)); // Returns 3
// str_find("abc123def123abc","123",all=true); // Returns [3,9]
// str_find("abc123def123abc","b",all=true); // Returns [1,13]
// str_find("abc123def123abc","1234",all=true); // Returns []
// str_find("abc","",all=true); // Returns [0,1,2]
function str_find(str,pattern,start=undef,last=false,all=false) =
all? _str_find_all(str,pattern) :
let( start = first_defined([start,last?len(str)-len(pattern):0]) )
pattern==""? start :
last? _str_find_last(str,pattern,start) :
_str_find_first(str,pattern,len(str)-len(pattern),start);
function _str_find_first(str,pattern,max_sindex,sindex) =
sindex<=max_sindex && !substr_match(str,sindex, pattern)?
_str_find_first(str,pattern,max_sindex,sindex+1) :
(sindex <= max_sindex ? sindex : undef);
function _str_find_last(str,pattern,sindex) =
sindex>=0 && !substr_match(str,sindex, pattern)?
_str_find_last(str,pattern,sindex-1) :
(sindex >=0 ? sindex : undef);
function _str_find_all(str,pattern) =
pattern == "" ? count(len(str)) :
[for(i=[0:1:len(str)-len(pattern)]) if (substr_match(str,i,pattern)) i];
// Function: substr_match()
// Synopsis: Returns true if the string `pattern` matches the string `str`.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage
// bool = substr_match(str,start,pattern);
// Description:
// Returns true if the string `pattern` matches the string `str` starting
// at `str[start]`. If the string is too short for the pattern, or
// `start` is out of bounds – either negative or beyond the end of the
// string – then substr_match returns false.
// Arguments:
// str = String to search
// start = Starting index for search in str
// pattern = String pattern to search for
// Examples:
// substr_match("abcde",2,"cd"); // Returns true
// substr_match("abcde",2,"cx"); // Returns false
// substr_match("abcde",2,"cdef"); // Returns false
// substr_match("abcde",-2,"cd"); // Returns false
// substr_match("abcde",19,"cd"); // Returns false
// substr_match("abc",1,""); // Returns true
//
// This is carefully optimized for speed. Precomputing the length
// cuts run time in half when the string is long. Two other string
// comparison methods were slower.
function substr_match(str,start,pattern) =
len(str)-start <len(pattern)? false
: _substr_match_recurse(str,start,pattern,len(pattern));
function _substr_match_recurse(str,sindex,pattern,plen,pindex=0,) =
pindex < plen && pattern[pindex]==str[sindex]
? _substr_match_recurse(str,sindex+1,pattern,plen,pindex+1)
: (pindex==plen);
// Function: starts_with()
// Synopsis: Returns true if the string starts with a given substring.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// bool = starts_with(str,pattern);
// Description:
// Returns true if the input string `str` starts with the specified string pattern, `pattern`.
// Otherwise returns false.
// Arguments:
// str = String to search.
// pattern = String pattern to search for.
// Example:
// starts_with("abcdef","abc"); // Returns true
// starts_with("abcdef","def"); // Returns false
// starts_with("abcdef",""); // Returns true
function starts_with(str,pattern) = substr_match(str,0,pattern);
// Function: ends_with()
// Synopsis: Returns true if the string ends with a given substring.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// bool = ends_with(str,pattern);
// Description:
// Returns true if the input string `str` ends with the specified string pattern, `pattern`.
// Otherwise returns false.
// Arguments:
// str = String to search.
// pattern = String pattern to search for.
// Example:
// ends_with("abcdef","def"); // Returns true
// ends_with("abcdef","de"); // Returns false
// ends_with("abcdef",""); // Returns true
function ends_with(str,pattern) = substr_match(str,len(str)-len(pattern),pattern);
// Function: str_split()
// Synopsis: Splits a longer string wherever a given substring occurs.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// string_list = str_split(str, sep, [keep_nulls]);
// Description:
// Breaks an input string into substrings using a separator or list of separators. If keep_nulls is true
// then two sequential separator characters produce an empty string in the output list. If keep_nulls is false
// then no empty strings are included in the output list.
// .
// If sep is a single string then each character in sep is treated as a delimiting character and the input string is
// split at every delimiting character. Empty strings can occur whenever two delimiting characters are sequential.
// If sep is a list of strings then the input string is split sequentially using each string from the list in order.
// If keep_nulls is true then the output will have length equal to `len(sep)+1`, possibly with trailing null strings
// if the string runs out before the separator list.
// Arguments:
// str = String to split.
// sep = a string or list of strings to use for the separator
// keep_nulls = boolean value indicating whether to keep null strings in the output list. Default: true
// Example:
// str_split("abc+def-qrs*iop","*-+"); // Returns ["abc", "def", "qrs", "iop"]
// str_split("abc+*def---qrs**iop+","*-+");// Returns ["abc", "", "def", "", "", "qrs", "", "iop", ""]
// str_split("abc def"," "); // Returns ["abc", "", "", "", "", "", "def"]
// str_split("abc def"," ",keep_nulls=false); // Returns ["abc", "def"]
// str_split("abc+def-qrs*iop",["+","-","*"]); // Returns ["abc", "def", "qrs", "iop"]
// str_split("abc+def-qrs*iop",["-","+","*"]); // Returns ["abc+def", "qrs*iop", "", ""]
function str_split(str,sep,keep_nulls=true) =
!keep_nulls ? _remove_empty_strs(str_split(str,sep,keep_nulls=true)) :
is_list(sep) ? _str_split_recurse(str,sep,i=0,result=[]) :
let( cutpts = concat([-1],sort(flatten(search(sep, str,0))),[len(str)]))
[for(i=[0:len(cutpts)-2]) substr(str,cutpts[i]+1,cutpts[i+1]-cutpts[i]-1)];
function _str_split_recurse(str,sep,i,result) =
i == len(sep) ? concat(result,[str]) :
let(
pos = search(sep[i], str),
end = pos==[] ? len(str) : pos[0]
)
_str_split_recurse(
substr(str,end+1),
sep, i+1,
concat(result, [substr(str,0,end)])
);
function _remove_empty_strs(list) =
list_remove(list, search([""], list,0)[0]);
// Section: String modification
// Function: str_join()
// Synopsis: Joints a list of strings into a single string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// str = str_join(list, [sep]);
// Description:
// Returns the concatenation of a list of strings, optionally with a
// separator string inserted between each string on the list.
// Arguments:
// list = list of strings to concatenate
// sep = separator string to insert. Default: ""
// Example:
// str_join(["abc","def","ghi"]); // Returns "abcdefghi"
// str_join(["abc","def","ghi"], " + "); // Returns "abc + def + ghi"
function str_join(list,sep="",_i=0, _result="") =
_i >= len(list)-1 ? (_i==len(list) ? _result : str(_result,list[_i])) :
str_join(list,sep,_i+1,str(_result,list[_i],sep));
// Function: str_strip()
// Synopsis: Strips given leading and trailing characters from a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// str = str_strip(s,c,[start],[end]);
// Description:
// Takes a string `s` and strips off all leading and/or trailing characters that exist in string `c`.
// By default strips both leading and trailing characters. If you set start or end to true then
// it will strip only the leading or trailing characters respectively. If you set start
// or end to false then it will strip only lthe trailing or leading characters.
// Arguments:
// s = The string to strip leading or trailing characters from.
// c = The string of characters to strip.
// start = if true then strip leading characters
// end = if true then strip trailing characters
// Example:
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#-"); // Returns: "123"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","-"); // Returns: "##--123--##"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#"); // Returns: "--##--123--##--"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#-",end=true); // Returns: "--##--123"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","-",end=true); // Returns: "--##--123--##"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#",end=true); // Returns: "--##--123--##--"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#-",start=true); // Returns: "123--##--"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","-",start=true); // Returns: "##--123--##--"
// str_strip("--##--123--##--","#",start=true); // Returns: "--##--123--##--"
function _str_count_leading(s,c,_i=0) =
(_i>=len(s)||!in_list(s[_i],[each c]))? _i :
_str_count_leading(s,c,_i=_i+1);
function _str_count_trailing(s,c,_i=0) =
(_i>=len(s)||!in_list(s[len(s)-1-_i],[each c]))? _i :
_str_count_trailing(s,c,_i=_i+1);
function str_strip(s,c,start,end) =
let(
nstart = (is_undef(start) && !end) ? true : start,
nend = (is_undef(end) && !start) ? true : end,
startind = nstart ? _str_count_leading(s,c) : 0,
endind = len(s) - (nend ? _str_count_trailing(s,c) : 0)
)
substr(s,startind, endind-startind);
// Function: str_pad()
// Synopsis: Pads a string to a given length.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// padded = str_pad(str, length, char, [left]);
// Description:
// Pad the given string `str` with to length `length` with the specified character,
// which must be a length 1 string. If left is true then pad on the left, otherwise
// pad on the right. If the string is longer than the specified length the full string
// is returned unchanged.
// Arguments:
// str = string to pad
// length = length to pad to
// char = character to pad with. Default: " " (space)
// left = if true, pad on the left side. Default: false
function str_pad(str,length,char=" ",left=false) =
assert(is_str(str))
assert(is_str(char) && len(char)==1, "char must be a single character string")
assert(is_bool(left))
let(
padding = str_join(repeat(char,length-len(str)))
)
left ? str(padding,str) : str(str,padding);
// Function: str_replace_char()
// Synopsis: Replace given chars in a string with another substring.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip()
// Usage:
// newstr = str_replace_char(str, char, replace);
// Description:
// Replace every occurence of `char` in the input string with the string `replace` which
// can be any string.
function str_replace_char(str,char,replace) =
assert(is_str(str))
assert(is_str(char) && len(char)==1, "Search pattern 'char' must be a single character string")
assert(is_str(replace))
str_join([for(c=str) c==char ? replace : c]);
// Function: downcase()
// Synopsis: Lowercases all characters in a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip(), upcase(), downcase()
// Usage:
// newstr = downcase(str);
// Description:
// Returns the string with the standard ASCII upper case letters A-Z replaced
// by their lower case versions.
// Arguments:
// str = String to convert.
// Example:
// downcase("ABCdef"); // Returns "abcdef"
function downcase(str) =
str_join([for(char=str) let(code=ord(char)) code>=65 && code<=90 ? chr(code+32) : char]);
// Function: upcase()
// Synopsis: Uppercases all characters in a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip(), upcase(), downcase()
// Usage:
// newstr = upcase(str);
// Description:
// Returns the string with the standard ASCII lower case letters a-z replaced
// by their upper case versions.
// Arguments:
// str = String to convert.
// Example:
// upcase("ABCdef"); // Returns "ABCDEF"
function upcase(str) =
str_join([for(char=str) let(code=ord(char)) code>=97 && code<=122 ? chr(code-32) : char]);
// Section: Random strings
// Function: rand_str()
// Synopsis: Create a randomized string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: suffix(), str_find(), substr_match(), starts_with(), ends_with(), str_split(), str_join(), str_strip(), upcase(), downcase()
// Usage:
// str = rand_str(n, [charset], [seed]);
// Description:
// Produce a random string of length `n`. If you give a string `charset` then the
// characters of the random string are drawn from that list, weighted by the number
// of times each character appears in the list. If you do not give a character set
// then the string is generated with characters ranging from 0 to z (based on
// character code).
function rand_str(n, charset, seed) =
is_undef(charset)? str_join([for(c=rand_int(48,122,n,seed)) chr(c)])
: str_join([for(i=rand_int(0,len(charset)-1,n,seed)) charset[i]]);
// Section: Parsing strings into numbers
// Function: parse_int()
// Synopsis: Parse an integer from a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: parse_int(), parse_float(), parse_frac(), parse_num()
// Usage:
// num = parse_int(str, [base])
// Description:
// Converts a string into an integer with any base up to 16. Returns NaN if
// conversion fails. Digits above 9 are represented using letters A-F in either
// upper case or lower case.
// Arguments:
// str = String to convert.
// base = Base for conversion, from 2-16. Default: 10
// Example:
// parse_int("349"); // Returns 349
// parse_int("-37"); // Returns -37
// parse_int("+97"); // Returns 97
// parse_int("43.9"); // Returns nan
// parse_int("1011010",2); // Returns 90
// parse_int("13",2); // Returns nan
// parse_int("dead",16); // Returns 57005
// parse_int("CEDE", 16); // Returns 52958
// parse_int(""); // Returns 0
function parse_int(str,base=10) =
str==undef ? undef :
len(str)==0 ? 0 :
let(str=downcase(str))
str[0] == "-" ? -_parse_int_recurse(substr(str,1),base,len(str)-2) :
str[0] == "+" ? _parse_int_recurse(substr(str,1),base,len(str)-2) :
_parse_int_recurse(str,base,len(str)-1);
function _parse_int_recurse(str,base,i) =
let(
digit = search(str[i],"0123456789abcdef"),
last_digit = digit == [] || digit[0] >= base ? (0/0) : digit[0]
) i==0 ? last_digit :
_parse_int_recurse(str,base,i-1)*base + last_digit;
// Function: parse_float()
// Synopsis: Parse a float from a string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: parse_int(), parse_float(), parse_frac(), parse_num()
// Usage:
// num = parse_float(str);
// Description:
// Converts a string to a floating point number. Returns NaN if the
// conversion fails.
// Arguments:
// str = String to convert.
// Example:
// parse_float("44"); // Returns 44
// parse_float("3.4"); // Returns 3.4
// parse_float("-99.3332"); // Returns -99.3332
// parse_float("3.483e2"); // Returns 348.3
// parse_float("-44.9E2"); // Returns -4490
// parse_float("7.342e-4"); // Returns 0.0007342
// parse_float(""); // Returns 0
function parse_float(str) =
str==undef ? undef :
len(str) == 0 ? 0 :
in_list(str[1], ["+","-"]) ? (0/0) : // Don't allow --3, or +-3
str[0]=="-" ? -parse_float(substr(str,1)) :
str[0]=="+" ? parse_float(substr(str,1)) :
let(esplit = str_split(str,"eE") )
len(esplit)==2 ? parse_float(esplit[0]) * pow(10,parse_int(esplit[1])) :
let( dsplit = str_split(str,["."]))
parse_int(dsplit[0])+parse_int(dsplit[1])/pow(10,len(dsplit[1]));
// Function: parse_frac()
// Synopsis: Parse a float from a fraction string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: parse_int(), parse_float(), parse_frac(), parse_num()
// Usage:
// num = parse_frac(str,[mixed=],[improper=],[signed=]);
// Description:
// Converts a string fraction to a floating point number. A string fraction has the form `[-][# ][#/#]` where each `#` is one or more of the
// digits 0-9, and there is an optional sign character at the beginning.
// The full form is a sign character and an integer, followed by exactly one space, followed by two more
// integers separated by a "/" character. The leading integer and
// space can be omitted or the trailing fractional part can be omitted. If you set `mixed` to false then the leading integer part is not
// accepted and the input must include a slash. If you set `improper` to false then the fractional part must be a proper fraction, where
// the numerator is smaller than the denominator. If you set `signed` to false then the leading sign character is not permitted.
// The empty string evaluates to zero. Any invalid string evaluates to NaN.
// Arguments:
// str = String to convert.
// ---
// mixed = set to true to accept mixed fractions, false to reject them. Default: true
// improper = set to true to accept improper fractions, false to reject them. Default: true
// signed = set to true to accept a leading sign character, false to reject. Default: true
// Example:
// parse_frac("3/4"); // Returns 0.75
// parse_frac("-77/9"); // Returns -8.55556
// parse_frac("+1/3"); // Returns 0.33333
// parse_frac("19"); // Returns 19
// parse_frac("2 3/4"); // Returns 2.75
// parse_frac("-2 12/4"); // Returns -5
// parse_frac(""); // Returns 0
// parse_frac("3/0"); // Returns inf
// parse_frac("0/0"); // Returns nan
// parse_frac("-77/9",improper=false); // Returns nan
// parse_frac("-2 12/4",improper=false); // Returns nan
// parse_frac("-2 12/4",signed=false); // Returns nan
// parse_frac("-2 12/4",mixed=false); // Returns nan
// parse_frac("2 1/4",mixed=false); // Returns nan
function parse_frac(str,mixed=true,improper=true,signed=true) =
str == undef ? undef
: len(str)==0 ? 0
: str[0]==" " ? NAN
: signed && str[0]=="-" ? -parse_frac(substr(str,1),mixed=mixed,improper=improper,signed=false)
: signed && str[0]=="+" ? parse_frac(substr(str,1),mixed=mixed,improper=improper,signed=false)
: mixed && (str_find(str," ")!=undef || str_find(str,"/")==undef)? // Mixed allowed and there is a space or no slash
let(whole = str_split(str,[" "]))
_parse_int_recurse(whole[0],10,len(whole[0])-1) + parse_frac(whole[1], mixed=false, improper=improper, signed=false)
: let(split = str_split(str,"/"))
len(split)!=2 ? NAN
: let(
numerator = _parse_int_recurse(split[0],10,len(split[0])-1),
denominator = _parse_int_recurse(split[1],10,len(split[1])-1)
)
!improper && numerator>=denominator? NAN
: denominator<0 ? NAN
: numerator/denominator;
// Function: parse_num()
// Synopsis: Parse a float from a decimal or fraction string.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: parse_int(), parse_float(), parse_frac(), parse_num()
// Usage:
// num = parse_num(str);
// Description:
// Converts a string to a number. The string can be either a fraction (two integers separated by a "/") or a floating point number.
// Returns NaN if the conversion fails.
// Example:
// parse_num("3/4"); // Returns 0.75
// parse_num("3.4e-2"); // Returns 0.034
function parse_num(str) =
str == undef ? undef :
let( val = parse_frac(str) )
val == val ? val :
parse_float(str);
// Section: Formatting numbers into strings
// Function: format_int()
// Synopsis: Formats an integer into a string, with possible leading zeros.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: format_int(), format_fixed(), format_float(), format()
// Usage:
// str = format_int(i, [mindigits]);
// Description:
// Formats an integer number into a string. This can handle larger numbers than `str()`.
// Arguments:
// i = The integer to make a string of.
// mindigits = If the number has fewer than this many digits, pad the front with zeros until it does. Default: 1.
// Example:
// str(123456789012345); // Returns "1.23457e+14"
// format_int(123456789012345); // Returns "123456789012345"
// format_int(-123456789012345); // Returns "-123456789012345"
function format_int(i,mindigits=1) =
i<0? str("-", format_int(-i,mindigits)) :
let(i=floor(i), e=floor(log(i)))
i==0? str_join([for (j=[0:1:mindigits-1]) "0"]) :
str_join(
concat(
[for (j=[0:1:mindigits-e-2]) "0"],
[for (j=[e:-1:0]) str(floor(i/pow(10,j)%10))]
)
);
// Function: format_fixed()
// Synopsis: Formats a float into a string with a fixed number of decimal places.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: format_int(), format_fixed(), format_float(), format()
// Usage:
// s = format_fixed(f, [digits]);
// Description:
// Given a floating point number, formats it into a string with the given number of digits after the decimal point.
// Arguments:
// f = The floating point number to format.
// digits = The number of digits after the decimal to show. Default: 6
function format_fixed(f,digits=6) =
assert(is_int(digits))
assert(digits>0)
is_list(f)? str("[",str_join(sep=", ", [for (g=f) format_fixed(g,digits=digits)]),"]") :
str(f)=="nan"? "nan" :
str(f)=="inf"? "inf" :
f<0? str("-",format_fixed(-f,digits=digits)) :
assert(is_num(f))
let(
sc = pow(10,digits),
scaled = floor(f * sc + 0.5),
whole = floor(scaled/sc),
part = floor(scaled-(whole*sc))
) str(format_int(whole),".",format_int(part,digits));
// Function: format_float()
// Synopsis: Formats a float into a string with a given number of significant digits.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: format_int(), format_fixed(), format_float(), format()
// Usage:
// str = format_float(f,[sig]);
// Description:
// Formats the given floating point number `f` into a string with `sig` significant digits.
// Strips trailing `0`s after the decimal point. Strips trailing decimal point.
// If the number can be represented in `sig` significant digits without a mantissa, it will be.
// If given a list of numbers, recursively prints each item in the list, returning a string like `[3,4,5]`
// Arguments:
// f = The floating point number to format.
// sig = The number of significant digits to display. Default: 12
// Example:
// format_float(PI,12); // Returns: "3.14159265359"
// format_float([PI,-16.75],12); // Returns: "[3.14159265359, -16.75]"
function format_float(f,sig=12) =
assert(is_int(sig))
assert(sig>0)
is_list(f)? str("[",str_join(sep=", ", [for (g=f) format_float(g,sig=sig)]),"]") :
f==0? "0" :
str(f)=="nan"? "nan" :
str(f)=="inf"? "inf" :
f<0? str("-",format_float(-f,sig=sig)) :
assert(is_num(f))
let(
e = floor(log(f)),
mv = sig - e - 1
) mv == 0? format_int(floor(f + 0.5)) :
(e<-sig/2||mv<0)? str(format_float(f*pow(10,-e),sig=sig),"e",e) :
let(
ff = f + pow(10,-mv)*0.5,
whole = floor(ff),
part = floor((ff-whole) * pow(10,mv))
)
str_join([
str(whole),
str_strip(end=true,
str_join([
".",
format_int(part, mindigits=mv)
]),
"0."
)
]);
/// Function: _format_matrix()
/// Usage:
/// _format_matrix(M, [sig], [sep], [eps])
/// Description:
/// Convert a numerical matrix into a matrix of strings where every column
/// is the same width so it will display in neat columns when printed.
/// Values below eps will display as zero. The matrix can include nans, infs
/// or undefs and the rows can be different lengths.
/// Arguments:
/// M = numerical matrix to convert
/// sig = significant digits to display. Default: 4
// sep = number of spaces between columns or a text string to separate columns. Default: 1
/// eps = values smaller than this are shown as zero. Default: 1e-9
function _format_matrix(M, sig=4, sep=1, eps=1e-9) =
let(
figure_dash = chr(8210),
space_punc = chr(8200),
space_figure = chr(8199),
sep = is_num(sep) && sep>=0 ? str_join(repeat(space_figure,sep))
: is_string(sep) ? sep
: assert(false,"Invalid separator: must be a string or positive integer giving number of spaces"),
strarr=
[for(row=M)
[for(entry=row)
let(
text = is_undef(entry) ? "und"
: !is_num(entry) ? str_join(repeat(figure_dash,2))
: abs(entry) < eps ? "0" // Replace hyphens with figure dashes
: str_replace_char(format_float(entry, sig),"-",figure_dash),
have_dot = is_def(str_find(text, "."))
)
// If the text lacks a dot we add a space the same width as a dot to
// maintain alignment
str(have_dot ? "" : space_punc, text)
]
],
maxwidth = max([for(row=M) len(row)]),
// Find maximum length for each column. Some entries in a column may be missing.
maxlen = [for(i=[0:1:maxwidth-1])
max(
[for(j=idx(M)) i>=len(M[j]) ? 0 : len(strarr[j][i])])
],
padded =
[for(row=strarr)
str_join([for(i=idx(row))
let(
extra = ends_with(row[i],"inf") ? 1 : 0
)
str_pad(row[i],maxlen[i]+extra,space_figure,left=true)],sep=sep)]
)
padded;
// Function: format()
// Synopsis: Formats multiple values into a string with a given format.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: format_int(), format_fixed(), format_float(), format()
// Usage:
// s = format(fmt, vals);
// Description:
// Given a format string and a list of values, inserts the values into the placeholders in the format string and returns it.
// Formatting placeholders have the following syntax:
// - A leading `{` character to show the start of the placeholder.
// - An integer index into the `vals` list to specify which value should be formatted at that place. If not given, the first placeholder will use index `0`, the second will use index `1`, etc.
// - An optional `:` separator to indicate that what follows if a formatting specifier. If not given, no formatting info follows.
// - An optional `-` character to indicate that the value should be left justified if the value needs field width padding. If not given, right justification is used.
// - An optional `0` character to indicate that the field should be padded with `0`s. If not given, spaces will be used for padding.
// - An optional integer field width, which the value should be padded to. If not given, no padding will be performed.
// - An optional `.` followed by an integer precision length, for specifying how many digits to display in numeric formats. If not give, 6 digits is assumed.
// - An optional letter to indicate the formatting style to use. If not given, `s` is assumed, which will do it's generic best to format any data type.
// - A trailing `}` character to show the end of the placeholder.
// .
// Formatting styles, and their effects are as follows:
// - `s`: Converts the value to a string with `str()` to display. This is very generic.
// - `i` or `d`: Formats numeric values as integers.
// - `f`: Formats numeric values with the precision number of digits after the decimal point. NaN and Inf are shown as `nan` and `inf`.
// - `F`: Formats numeric values with the precision number of digits after the decimal point. NaN and Inf are shown as `NAN` and `INF`.
// - `g`: Formats numeric values with the precision number of total significant digits. NaN and Inf are shown as `nan` and `inf`. Mantissas are demarked by `e`.
// - `G`: Formats numeric values with the precision number of total significant digits. NaN and Inf are shown as `NAN` and `INF`. Mantissas are demarked by `E`.
// - `b`: If the value logically evaluates as true, it shows as `true`, otherwise `false`.
// - `B`: If the value logically evaluates as true, it shows as `TRUE`, otherwise `FALSE`.
// Arguments:
// fmt = The formatting string, with placeholders to format the values into.
// vals = The list of values to format.
// Example(NORENDER):
// format("The value of {} is {:.14f}.", ["pi", PI]); // Returns: "The value of pi is 3.14159265358979."
// format("The value {1:f} is known as {0}.", ["pi", PI]); // Returns: "The value 3.141593 is known as pi."
// format("We use a very small value {1:.6g} as {0}.", ["EPSILON", EPSILON]); // Returns: "We use a very small value 1e-9 as EPSILON."
// format("{:-5s}{:i}{:b}", ["foo", 12e3, 5]); // Returns: "foo 12000true"
// format("{:-10s}{:.3f}", ["plecostamus",27.43982]); // Returns: "plecostamus27.440"
// format("{:-10.9s}{:.3f}", ["plecostamus",27.43982]); // Returns: "plecostam 27.440"
function format(fmt, vals) =
let(
parts = str_split(fmt,"{")
) str_join([
for(i = idx(parts))
let(
found_brace = i==0 || [for (c=parts[i]) if(c=="}") c] != [],
err = assert(found_brace, "Unbalanced { in format string."),
p = i==0? [undef,parts[i]] : str_split(parts[i],"}"),
fmta = p[0],
raw = p[1]
) each [
assert(i<99)
is_undef(fmta)? "" : let(
fmtb = str_split(fmta,":"),
num = is_digit(fmtb[0])? parse_int(fmtb[0]) : (i-1),
left = fmtb[1][0] == "-",
fmtb1 = default(fmtb[1],""),
fmtc = left? substr(fmtb1,1) : fmtb1,
zero = fmtc[0] == "0",
lch = fmtc==""? "" : fmtc[len(fmtc)-1],
hastyp = is_letter(lch),
typ = hastyp? lch : "s",
fmtd = hastyp? substr(fmtc,0,len(fmtc)-1) : fmtc,
fmte = str_split((zero? substr(fmtd,1) : fmtd), "."),
wid = parse_int(fmte[0]),
prec = parse_int(fmte[1]),
val = assert(num>=0&&num<len(vals)) vals[num],
unpad = typ=="s"? (
let( sval = str(val) )
is_undef(prec)? sval :
substr(sval, 0, min(len(sval)-1, prec))
) :
(typ=="d" || typ=="i")? format_int(val) :
typ=="b"? (val? "true" : "false") :
typ=="B"? (val? "TRUE" : "FALSE") :
typ=="f"? downcase(format_fixed(val,default(prec,6))) :
typ=="F"? upcase(format_fixed(val,default(prec,6))) :
typ=="g"? downcase(format_float(val,default(prec,6))) :
typ=="G"? upcase(format_float(val,default(prec,6))) :
assert(false,str("Unknown format type: ",typ)),
padlen = max(0,wid-len(unpad)),
padfill = str_join([for (i=[0:1:padlen-1]) zero? "0" : " "]),
out = left? str(unpad, padfill) : str(padfill, unpad)
)
out, raw
]
]);
// Section: Checking character class
// Function: is_lower()
// Synopsis: Returns true if all characters in the string are lowercase.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: is_lower(), is_upper(), is_digit(), is_hexdigit(), is_letter()
// Usage:
// x = is_lower(s);
// Description:
// Returns true if all the characters in the given string are lowercase letters. (a-z)
function is_lower(s) =
assert(is_string(s))
s==""? false :
len(s)>1? all([for (v=s) is_lower(v)]) :
let(v = ord(s[0])) (v>=ord("a") && v<=ord("z"));
// Function: is_upper()
// Synopsis: Returns true if all characters in the string are uppercase.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: is_lower(), is_upper(), is_digit(), is_hexdigit(), is_letter()
// Usage:
// x = is_upper(s);
// Description:
// Returns true if all the characters in the given string are uppercase letters. (A-Z)
function is_upper(s) =
assert(is_string(s))
s==""? false :
len(s)>1? all([for (v=s) is_upper(v)]) :
let(v = ord(s[0])) (v>=ord("A") && v<=ord("Z"));
// Function: is_digit()
// Synopsis: Returns true if all characters in the string are decimal digits.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: is_lower(), is_upper(), is_digit(), is_hexdigit(), is_letter()
// Usage:
// x = is_digit(s);
// Description:
// Returns true if all the characters in the given string are digits. (0-9)
function is_digit(s) =
assert(is_string(s))
s==""? false :
len(s)>1? all([for (v=s) is_digit(v)]) :
let(v = ord(s[0])) (v>=ord("0") && v<=ord("9"));
// Function: is_hexdigit()
// Synopsis: Returns true if all characters in the string are hexidecimal digits.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: is_lower(), is_upper(), is_digit(), is_hexdigit(), is_letter()
// Usage:
// x = is_hexdigit(s);
// Description:
// Returns true if all the characters in the given string are valid hexadecimal digits. (0-9 or a-f or A-F))
function is_hexdigit(s) =
assert(is_string(s))
s==""? false :
len(s)>1? all([for (v=s) is_hexdigit(v)]) :
let(v = ord(s[0]))
(v>=ord("0") && v<=ord("9")) ||
(v>=ord("A") && v<=ord("F")) ||
(v>=ord("a") && v<=ord("f"));
// Function: is_letter()
// Synopsis: Returns true if all characters in the string are letters.
// Topics: Strings
// See Also: is_lower(), is_upper(), is_digit(), is_hexdigit(), is_letter()
// Usage:
// x = is_letter(s);
// Description:
// Returns true if all the characters in the given string are standard ASCII letters. (A-Z or a-z)
function is_letter(s) =
assert(is_string(s))
s==""? false :
all([for (v=s) is_lower(v) || is_upper(v)]);
// vim: expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 nowrap
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