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1 Tutorial Mutators
Revar Desmera edited this page 2024-12-14 02:23:46 -08:00
Table of Contents

Mutators Tutorial

3D Space Halving

Sometimes you want to take a 3D shape like a sphere, and cut it in half. The BOSL2 library provides a number of ways to do this:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
left_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 1

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
right_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 2

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
front_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 3

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
back_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 4

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
bottom_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 5

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
top_half()
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 6

You can use the half_of() module if you want to split space in a way not aligned with an axis:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
half_of([-1,0,-1])
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 7

The plane of dissection can be shifted along the axis of any of these operators:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
left_half(x=20)
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 8

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
back_half(y=-20)
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 9

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
bottom_half(z=20)
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 10

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
half_of([-1,0,-1], cp=[20,0,20])
  sphere(d=100);

Figure 11

By default, these operators can be applied to objects that fit in a cube 1000 on a side. If you need to apply these halving operators to objects larger than this, you can give the size in the s= argument:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
bottom_half(s=2000)
  sphere(d=1500);

Figure 12

2D Plane Halving

To cut 2D shapes in half, you will need to add the planar=true argument:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
left_half(planar=true)
  circle(d=100);

Figure 13

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
right_half(planar=true)
  circle(d=100);

Figure 14

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
front_half(planar=true)
  circle(d=100);

Figure 15

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
back_half(planar=true)
  circle(d=100);

Figure 16

Chained Mutators

If you have a set of shapes that you want to do pair-wise hulling of, you can use chain_hull():

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
chain_hull() {
  cube(5, center=true);
  translate([30, 0, 0]) sphere(d=15);
  translate([60, 30, 0]) cylinder(d=10, h=20);
  translate([60, 60, 0]) cube([10,1,20], center=false);
}

Figure 17

Extrusion Mutators

The OpenSCAD linear_extrude() module can take a 2D shape and extrude it vertically in a line:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
linear_extrude(height=30)
  zrot(45)
    square(40,center=true);

Figure 18

The rotate_extrude() module can take a 2D shape and rotate it around the Z axis.

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
rotate_extrude()
  left(50) zrot(45)
    square(40,center=true);

Figure 19

In a similar manner, the BOSL2 cylindrical_extrude() module can take a 2d shape and extrude it out radially from the center of a cylinder:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
cylindrical_extrude(or=40, ir=35)
  text(text="Hello World!", size=10, halign="center", valign="center");

Figure 20

Offset Mutators

Minkowski Difference

Openscad provides the minkowski() module to trace a shape over the entire surface of another shape:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
minkowski() {
  union() {
	cube([100,33,33], center=true);
	cube([33,100,33], center=true);
	cube([33,33,100], center=true);
  }
  sphere(r=8);
}

Figure 21

However, it doesn't provide the inverse of this operation; to remove a shape from the entire surface of another object. For this, the BOSL2 library provides the minkowski_difference() module:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
minkowski_difference() {
  union() {
    cube([100,33,33], center=true);
    cube([33,100,33], center=true);
    cube([33,33,100], center=true);
  }
  sphere(r=8);
}

Figure 22

To perform a minkowski_difference() on 2D shapes, you need to supply the planar=true argument:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
minkowski_difference(planar=true) {
  union() {
    square([100,33], center=true);
    square([33,100], center=true);
  }
  circle(r=8);
}

Figure 23

Round2d

The round2d() module lets you take a 2D shape and round inside and outside corners. The inner concave corners are rounded to the radius ir=, while the outer convex corners are rounded to the radius or=:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
round2d(or=8)
  star(6, step=2, d=100);

Figure 24

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
round2d(ir=12)
  star(6, step=2, d=100);

Figure 25

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
round2d(or=8,ir=12)
  star(6, step=2, d=100);

Figure 26

You can use r= to effectively set both ir= and or= to the same value:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
round2d(r=8)
  star(6, step=2, d=100);

Figure 27

Shell2d

With the shell2d() module, you can take an arbitrary shape, and get the shell outline of it. With a positive thickness, the shell is offset outwards from the original shape:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=5)
  star(5,step=2,d=100);
color("blue")
  stroke(star(5,step=2,d=100),closed=true);

Figure 28

With a negative thickness, the shell if inset from the original shape:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5)
  star(5,step=2,d=100);
color("blue")
  stroke(star(5,step=2,d=100),closed=true);

Figure 29

You can give a pair of thickness values if you want it both inset and outset from the original shape:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=[-5,5])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);
color("blue")
  stroke(star(5,step=2,d=100),closed=true);

Figure 30

You can add rounding to the outside by passing a radius to the or= argument.

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,or=5)
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 31

If you need to pass different radii for the convex and concave corners of the outside, you can pass them as or=[CONVEX,CONCAVE]:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,or=[5,10])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 32

A radius of 0 can be used to specify no rounding:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,or=[5,0])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 33

You can add rounding to the inside by passing a radius to the ir= argument.

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,ir=5)
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 34

If you need to pass different radii for the convex and concave corners of the inside, you can pass them as ir=[CONVEX,CONCAVE]:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,ir=[8,3])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 35

You can use or= and ir= together to get nice combined rounding effects:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,or=[7,2],ir=[7,2])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 36

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
shell2d(thickness=-5,or=[5,0],ir=[5,0])
  star(5,step=2,d=100);

Figure 37

Round3d

Offset3d

(To be Written)

Color Manipulators

The built-in OpenSCAD color() module can let you set the RGB color of an object, but it's often easier to select colors using other color schemes. You can use the HSL or Hue-Saturation-Lightness color scheme with the hsl() module:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
n = 10; size = 100/n;
for (a=count(n), b=count(n), c=count(n)) {
  let( h=360*a/n, s=1-b/(n-1), l=c/(n-1))
  translate(size*[a,b,c]) {
    hsl(h,s,l) cube(size);
  }
}

Figure 38

You can use the HSV or Hue-Saturation-Value color scheme with the hsv() module:

include <BOSL2/std.scad>
n = 10; size = 100/n;
for (a=count(n), b=count(n), c=count(n)) {
  let( h=360*a/n, s=1-b/(n-1), v=c/(n-1))
  translate(size*[a,b,c]) {
    hsv(h,s,v) cube(size);
  }
}

Figure 39

Indices

Table of Contents
Function Index
Topics Index
Cheat Sheet
Tutorials

List of Files:

Basic Modeling:

Advanced Modeling:

Math:

Data Management:

Threaded Parts:

Parts:

Footnotes:

STD = Included in std.scad

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